Western Europe

Europe in the Middle Ages Lesson 1

•Feudalism and the Manor System Lesson 2

•The Church and the Rise of Cities Lesson 3 The Crusades Lesson 4 The Power of Kings Name________________ MOD______

Bell Ringer : Name one country in Western Europe

Objectives • Find out how land and power were divided under Feudalism •Learn when the Middle Ages were and what they were like •Learn how the manor system worked •Discover what life qwas like for peasants and serfs

Middle Ages – The years between ancient and modern times Medieval – Referring to the middle ages Feudalism – A system in which land is owned by kings but held by vassals in return for their loyalty Manor – A large estate, often including farms and a village, ruled by a lord

Serf – A farm worker considered part of the manor in which he or she worked

Feudalism and the Manor System 1.

When was the beginning and the ending of the Middle Ages? They began about A.D. 500 and they ended about A.D. 1500

2. What did Charlemagne accomplishment during his reign? He kept Western Europe united, established schools, spread the Christian religion, issued money and improved the economy 3. Why do you think lords believed it was important to give vassals land and to treat them well? They wanted the vassals to remain loyal and to fight for them when necessary

4. Who held the power in the feudal system? Those who owned land such as kings, barons and princes 5. What was life like for Medieval Peasants ? Peasants worked hard for most of their lives. They lived in one room huts. They slept in uncomfortable beds, and ate simple foods

The Church and the Rise of Cities Objectives • Learn why the Roman Catholic church was so powerful during the Middle Ages • Discover the connection between the increase in trade and the growth of towns

• Find out what life was like in a medieval town

Bell Ringer • Tall spires reach toward the heavens. Gorgeous stainedglassed windows feature rich colors. Sculptures and carvings of people, plants, and animals seem to be everywhere. Amazing flying buttresses masses of stonework or brickwork attached to the walls- help hold the building up. What is this building?

• Clergy – People with authority to perform religious services • Excommunication – Kicking someone out of the church •

Guild –

A medieval organization of craftsmen or trades people • Apprentice – An unpaid person training in a craft or trade Chivalry – The code of honorable conduct for knights

Troubadour – A traveling poet or musician in the middle ages

Partnerd up 405 1. 2.

How was the church organized? How was the church into everyone’s everyday life? 3. What services did the monasteries and convents provide? 4. What is scholasticism and who did the Christian scholars decide it was necessary? 5. Why did people finally decide it was safe to travel and trade? 6. Why did towns begin to grow? 7. What was town life based on? 8. How did a person work up from an apprentice to be part of a guild? 9. How did overcrowding lead to disease? 10. Name and describe several things that shaped medieval culture.

The Church in the Middle Ages 1. What gave the church so much political power? A combination of its religious power and the economic power it obtained from collecting taxes and being the largest single land owner in Western Europe 2. What unique opportunity did covenants offer to women? The opportunity to have an education 3. Why did people begin to travel more in Western Europe? Feudalism and the Church had stablized the region making it a safer place

The Crusades Objectives • Learn about the cause of the Crusades • Find out about the different Crusades and what they accomplished • Discover the effects the Crusades had on life in Europe

• Holy Land – Jerusalem and parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived and taught • Crusades – A series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the Holy Land back from Muslim control • Jerusalem – A city in the Holy Land regarded by Christians, Muslims and Jews as Holy Land

• Pilgrim – A person who journeys to a holy place 1. What are the Crusades? Eight military expeditions started be the church to capture the Holy Land

2. How did the Turks attack on the Byzantine empire help trigger the Crusades? The Byzantine emperor in Constantinople asked for Pope Urban II to send knights for help and defend against Muslim Turks 3. What city in the Holy Land attracted religious pilgrims? Jerusalem

The power of Kings Objectives • Learn about the forces that led to nation building in Western Europe • Find out about nation building in England • Discover how the Hundred years war affected England and France

Bell Ringer • What might happen if greedy people all want the same thing?

• Magna Carta – The great charter that was signed by King John in 1215. It limited the king’s power over the nobles • Model Parliament – A council of Lords, Clergy and Common People that advised the English clergy on government matters • Hundred Years’ War – A series of wars between England and France 13371453

1. What things do a people of a nation share? Territory, government and often language and culture 2. How do you think the development of nations affected the power of a church? It probably decreased the Church’s power because kings had become powerful enough to challenge the church

3. How did King John anger the people of England? He taxed people unfairly and jailed people unjustly 4. How did he anger the church? He objected the appointment of the bishop and seized Church property

Bell Ringer • What are two things that King John did that angered the nobles? Challenge #7 Do not call out in classRaise your hand

Chapter 15

• Lesson 1 • The Renaissance begins • Lesson 2 • The Renaissance moves North • Lesson 3 Martin Luther and the Reformation • Lesson 4 Reformation ideas spread

Bell Ringer • By just looking at the word Reformation, What do you think it might mean? • What other words are contained inside the word Reformation?

• Renaissance A widespread change of culture that happened in Europe beginning in the 1300s • Humanism – An interest in the classics 1. How did the wealth and independence of Italian citystates encourage cultural changes? Wealthy merchants had time to pursue art, reading and writing. Artists and writers could work in the city-states free from control of kings, nobles and the church

2. Why do you think classical works were largely ignored during the middle ages? The church had great influence in the Middle Ages, and it wanted people to turn away from the worship of many gods 3. What was the main focus of Renaissance visual arts? Renaissance visual artists focused on nature and human form

The Renaissance moves North

Objectives : • Understand how the Renaissance spread from Italy to the North • Identify key literary figures and ideas of the northern Renaissance • Identify key artists and artistic ideas of the Northern Renaissance

• Movable TypeIndividual letters and marks that can be arraigned and rearranged quickly 1.

How did Gutenberg's printing press contribute to the spread of Renaissance ideas? Books became more available to more people and helped to spread more ideas and information 2. In What way did Northern Renaissance thinkers, such as Erasmus, apply the ideas of humanism? Erasmus and others applied humanism to religious teachings

3. Why was the printing press an important tool for spreading new ideas during the Renaissance? Before the invention of the printing press all documents were hand written this took time and few copies were created

Martin Luther and the Reformation

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Objectives • Understand the developments that led to the Reformation • Learn about Luther’s criticism of the church Understand the immediate effects of Luther’s ideas in Europe

Bell Ringer Where did the Renaissance start?

• Indulgence – An official pardon of a sin given by the Pope in exchange for money • Salvation – To go to heaven in religious terms • Reformation The term used to describe Luther’s break with the church and the movement it inspired

1. What kind of movement was the Reformation? The Reformation was a religious movement 2. Who started the movement? Martin Luther started the Reformation

3. What was the main effect of the Reformation? It created a faith that was different that the beliefs of the Church

4. Why didn’t the church punish Luther? Luther’s popularity was getting stronger and the church was worried about a revolt 5.What event marked the success of the Reformation? The peace of Augsburg

Reformation ideas spread

Objectives • Learn that Luther was the first of several religious reformers • Identify other religious movements of the 1500’s in Europe • Understand how the Catholic Church responded to the Reformation

Bell Ringer • Who was Martin Luther and what did he do?

Vocabulary • Protestant – Refers to the Christian groups that separated from the Catholic church 1. What belief did Calvin share with Luther? They both believed that faith alone would win salvation 2. What was the function of the Jesuits? The Jesuits worked to educate people and spread the Christian faith