Westphalian International Society

WESTPHALIAN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY AND CONTEMPORARY GLOBAL POLITICS

Edward Lynch Geoff Goldberg Lauren Wygonski

AGENDA The History of the Treaty of Westphalia  The Westphalian International Society  Contemporary Westphalian Models  Issue Discussion 

ISSUE AREAS

MEMBERS 

Holy Roman Empire  House

of Hapsburg

Other German Princes  Spain  France  Sweden  Representatives of the Dutch Republic  Britain? 

TREATY OF WESTPHALIA   

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The Juridical equality and political independence of the member states were recognized by international law Every member state was considered a legitimate power by the other states The relations between these sovereign states were managed by a professional corps of diplomats and organized in a multilateral system of diplomatic communication Although they agreed on a Christian religion, a culture evolved that was European A balance of power between the member states was created to make sure any one state would not make a play for hegemony The Future Wars of the Member States

WESTPHALIAN INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY Creations of Nation States  Respect of Boundaries and Borders  Autonomy  Sovereignty  Balance of Power 

BEFORE

AFTER

Theoretical and Practical Challenges

THE WESTPHALIAN MODEL:

IN THEORY Steven D. Krasner, PhD

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•

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Professor Stanford University Director of Policy Planning, US State Department 2005-2007

Challenges to Westphalia  Sovereignty: 

Treaty of Münster : "Alliances be not against the Emperor, and the Empire, nor against the Public Peace, and this Treaty, and without prejudice to the Oath by which every one is bound to the Emperor and the Empire."

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Final Authority is a Myth: King and Parliament

IN PRACTICE   

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Non-interference vs. Humanitarian Aid Somalia 1992: UN delivers aid Bosnia 1992: UN Peacekeepers protect relief supplies http://www.youtube.com/watch?v =uEx5G-GOS1k

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Former UN Secretary-General Perez de Cuellar 1991: “We are clearly witnessing what is probably an irresistible shift in public attitudes towards the belief that the defense of the oppressed in the name of morality should prevail over frontiers and legal documents.” Boutros Boutros-Ghali: “The time of absolute and exclusive sovereignty…has passed…. It’s theory was never matched by reality.”

CHINA The Middle Kingdom

A BRIEF HISTORY 

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Middle Kingdom Qing and Yuan Dynasties Opium war and foreign incursions Concessions and Extraterritoriality

A BRIEF HISTORY 

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“东突厥斯坦”（简称“东突”），这一名词出现于１９世 纪末期。“斯坦”原为“地方”、“区域”之意，但“东突厥 斯坦”不是一个单纯的地理概念，而是某些老殖民主义 者为肢解中国提出的一个政治概念。 The term “East Turkestan” first appeared at the end of the 19th century. “Stan” originally means “Place” or “region”, but “East Turkestan” is no longer a simple geological concept, but has become a political concept envisioned by the same kind of colonialists who carved China into pieces. Source: Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs

WESTPHALIA AT HOME

    

Xinjiang Tibet Taiwan Human Rights Falun Gong

WESTPHALIA ABROAD Sudan: Friends With Benefits   

Extractive FDI Schools and Hospitals No Strings Attached

WESTPHALIA ABROAD Myanmar 

 

900-mile oil and gas pipes Rights to offshore gas Hands off Internal Affairs

Союз Советских Социалистических Республик Union of Soviet Socialist Republics CCCP/USSR

COLLAPSE OF THE SOVIET UNION 9 November 1989  7 February 1990  15 Constituent Soviet Republics  Struggles between States and Moscow  Lithuania Pro-Independence Movement  Estonia Reestablish Independence  17 March 1991  Weakening Soviet Position, both Internationally and Domestically 

CCCP/USSR

Demographic Breakdown

Содружество Независимых Государств

СНГ

COMMONWEALTH OF INDEPENDENT STATES International Organization or Alliance  11 Former Soviet Republics  Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Moldova, Russia, Tajikistan, Ukraine, Uzbekistan.  Dissolution of the USSR  Civilized Divorce between the Republics  Geopolitical Tool for Russia  Integration and Cooperation on Policy 

CIS FOUNDING WESTPHALIAN IDEALS CIS Charter stated: all member states were sovereign and independent nations, and thereby effectively abolished the Soviet Union.  Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev  Illegal and Dangerous Constitutional Coup  21 December 1991 

CIS PRESENT DAY WESTPHALIAN VALIDITY     

Creation of Nation States: Commonwealth of Independent States Respect of Boundaries and Borders: 11 Former Soviet Republics Autonomy: Integration and Cooperation with Moscow Sovereignty: Armed Forces of the Russian Federation Balance of Power: Russian Buildup Along Border Radical Islam

ASEAN (ASSOCIATION FOR SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS)

1)

2)

to accelerate economic growth, social progress and cultural development in the region to promote regional peace and stability and adherence to the principles of the United Nations Charter

GOALS OF ASEAN

"The fragmented economies of Southeast Asia with, each country pursuing its own limited objectives and dissipating its meager resources in the overlapping or even conflicting endeavors of sister states carry the seeds of weakness in their incapacity for growth and their selfperpetuating dependence on the advanced, industrial nations. ASEAN, therefore, could marshal the still untapped potentials of this rich region through more substantial united action.“ - Philippine Secretary of Foreign Affairs, Narciso Ramos

ASEAN AND WESTPHALIA  Similarities

Both had a treaty  Both entered negotiations after wars  Both acknowledge the sovereignty of the individual member states  Both manages by a congregation of diplomats 

 Differences

1648 v. 1967  Outside Conflicts v. Internal Peace  Exclusive treaty v. Inclusive treaty  There was no UN 

BENEFITS TO BEING PART OF ASEAN  

ASEAN family Ability to receive more FDI

http://news.bbc.co.uk /player/nol/newsid_4 710000/newsid_4717 400/4717435.stm?bw =nb&mp=wm&news= 1&nol_storyid=47174 35&bbcws=1

COSTS TO BEING IN ASEAN Pressures to “westernize” Intervention in Human Rights Issues

CONCLUSION 

Final Thoughts  Do

you think a Westphalian International Society model currently exists?  Could a Westphalian International Society model exist?  If

so, where?

WORKS CITED 

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Treat of Westphalia; October 24, 1648Peace Treaty between the Holy Roman Emperor and the King of France and their respective Allies http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/westphal.htm John Baylis and Steve Smith, “The Globalization of World Politics, an introduction to international relations,” (Oxford University Press: 2005) 54 Overview of the ASEAN Charter, http://www.aseansec.org/64.htm CNN, “NZ looks at ASEAN security treaty,” http://www.cnn.com/2004/WORLD/asiapcf/12/01/laos.asean/index.html ASEAN members mull wording on Myanmar situation, Asian Political News, PHNOM PENH, July 30 Kyodo http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0WDQ/is_2007_August_6/ai_n1945360 8,