What is ICT? - Murat Durucu

What does mean the ICTs?  Information :refer to the knowledge obtained from reading, investigation, study or research.  Communication is an act of transmitting message. It is a process whereby information is exchanged between individuals using symbols, signs or verbal interactions.  Technology is the use of scientific knowledge,experience and resources to create processes and products that fulfill human needs.







Information and Communication Technology refers to technologies that provide access to information through telecommunications. Information and communication technologies are technological devices that provide to speedy flow of thinking.

Information and communication technology is every kinds of visual,auditory,pressed,writing devices that provide to reach the information and formed the information.



Information and communication technology has provided society with a vast array of new communication capabilities.



The oldest ICT product is the chalk.Then it developed from the book and to the educational videos.



Computer



WEB



Television



Radio



Electronic data transfer



Cell phones



Wireless network and so on





The nature and scope of ICT capability is not fixed,but is responsive to ongoing technological developments. ICT provides the significant opportunities that decreases the bad effect in environment of other sectors.



In economic area the process efficiency is raised.



It supports the saving the energy and the usage of paper.





In health sector,the potential of ICT has noticed and lots of properties of innovation service are presented to citizen. In society area,the almost relationships of individuals that between each others and foundations are provided by ICT in virtual area.





  

In our country the own resources both on-time and with the best efficiency level are wanted.So,there are the relations about ICT is increasing since long times.Moreover,the new encouraging and R&D laws are released and in 2023 our country has high-level targets about ICT; The 50% of requirements of ICT sector are met by domestic products and services. Gross domestic products rate of ICT sector will be increased by 8%. All public services will be provided through an electronic way. 80% of population will learn the using of computer.

 Business

some targets are that;

- Increasing the amount of sales -Having an ability for being competitive

-Meet the needs and expectation of customers





The salesman can use and be affected technologies that are internet,intranet,email, and Customer Relationship Management (CRM) and its devices,Sales Force Automation (SFA). The development in ICT firstly helped to generate some sales method alternatives to traditional face-to-face sales. So, we can separate two main titles:

Face-toface sales

Selfservice sales









The increasing the customer power across the business because of conscious and well-informed. ICT's products implement the salesman's jobs in traditional sales.Consequently,the efficiency is increased.Sometimes,the ICT's products are instead of the salesman. Some routine tasks are facilitated by this way the salesmen spend their times in order to achieve more benefit tasks. The salesman can set good relationship between the customers.



In this subject,we have some suggestions about preventing the possible problems.Some control procedures about the internet usage of personnels may be beneficial. programme is Employee Internet Management (EIM).







Self-service technologies (SST) provide to complete all the sales period by the customers. However,a lot of customers want to meet the salesman whenever they need.So,some firms that implement their sales by the internet submit the salesman's telephone number. The feeling of customer about service quality increased and the error,arise from the personnel,was eliminated.



These innovations should be accepted and applied by the business, and the personnels,and the customers

For business; *Inadequacy about educational *Inadequacy about capital *The speed of changing

For the customers; *Cultural differences *High expectation

For personnels; *Reluctance about changing the available situation *Not available any support by business *Individual factors *Inadequacy about reward

•

Some routine jobs undertake and SFA provides to allocate much more time the salesman to customer relationships.

•

Reaching the information is done at short span of time.

•

The internet contributes to the SFA's activities

 





CASP intensify the sales period. At the beginning of sales period the customer name,access information,past purchased operation are possessed. And then the customer and sales force league together and the sales occur on an electronic brochure. Finally,the automatic sales are completed,and it informs about delivery time.By this way,any problems about delivery time are decreased.

CRM has some knowledge the expectations,the preferences and the changing needs of customers.The different databases are included informations changes from customers to customers.



Consequently; The developments of ICT areas affect the sales periods and the sales force.At ever increasing competition for being successful the accordance and continuous renovating are important for both salespeople and manager

What are the information and communication technologies?  All kinds of technological tools that provides quickly flow of information and ideas are information &communication technologies.





With ICT, people can communicate in real-time with others in different countries using technologies such as instant messaging, voice over IP (VoIP), and videoconferencing. Social networking websites like Facebook allow users from all over the world to remain in contact and communicate on a regular basis. Modern information and communication technologies have created a "global village," in which people can communicate with others across the world as if they were living next door. For this reason, ICT is often studied in the context of how modern communication technologies affect society.

A)Education  Teachers use computers to research for teaching materials, participate in online forums and online conferences.  Students use the computers as a reference tool and browse the Internet.  Researchers use computers to collect and process data.  School administrators use computers for administrative purposes to make sure that the entire operation runs smoothly.

B) Banking Electronic Banking Services:  Automated Teller Machine (ATM)  Cheque Deposit,Electronic Fund Tranfer,  Direct Deposit,  Pay by phone system,  Personal computer / internet banking.

 



Customers can make any transactions at the 24 hour service centers or via online. Businessmen using the online services , access company accounts for loan applications, business transactions and update their cash flow at any time. Bank administrators can oversee the entire banking activities such as reconciliations, inter-branch transactions (IBT), telegraphic transfer and others by referring to the banking system.

C ) Industry  Computers are used to facilitate production planning and control systems .  Computers help workers operate machines.  Computers help Researchers to analysis and collect research data for future reference.  Administrators use computers to oversee and control the entire operations in the factory.

D) Bussiness   



E-Commerce makes buying and selling activities easier, more efficient and faster. Customers use computers online with suppliers to purchase products. Suppliers keep track of their transactions. All products are bar coded and can be read by the computer scanner to help in determining prices and managing inventory. Employees use computers and telephones to communicate with their customers for any enquiries.

How did our life change with ICT?

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

BEFORE

AFTER

Money can be saved because it’s much quicker to move information around. With the help of ICT it has become quicker and more efficient to contact either a business or family member. We can now correspond with anyone around the globe by simply text messaging them,or sending them e-mail,for an almost instantaneous response. The wide avaibility of the internet has also opened up face-to-face direct communication from nearly anywhere in the world, thanks to the help of videoconferencing, social networking websites, Skype and a myriad of deals offered by telecommunications companies and smart phones thus making it far cheaper than past. Online communication can bring families or friends

together across distances.

Video conferencing saves money on fligths and accommodation.ICT has not only brought the countries and people closer together,but it has allowed the world’s economy to become a single interdependent system. This means that we can not only share information quickly and efficiently, but we can also bring down barriers of linguistic and geographic boundaries. The world has developed in to global village due to the help of information technology,allowing countries like Ireland and China who are not only seperated by distance but also by language to share ideas and information with each other.

It feels free to send an e-mail ; it’s without doubt cheaper than phone calls. ICT has also helped to automate business practices, thus restructing businesses to make them exceptionally cost effective. This,in turn, increases productivity making the business to profitable; that usually means better pay and less strenuous working conditions

ICT has made it possible for businesses to be automated giving clients access to a website or voicemail 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. This means that a business can be open any time, anywhere, giving a customer the capability to make a purchase from different countries thus making it easier and more convenient. It also means that you can have your goods delivered right to your doorstep from places that you would never had access to before

Greater access to technology has helped to bridge the cultural gap by helping people from different cultures to communicate with one another, and allow for the exchange of views and ideas,thus increasing awareness and reducing prejudice.

Probably, the best advantage of ICT has been the creation of new and interesting jobs. Computer programmers, System analysist, Hardware and Software developers and Web designers are just some of the many new employment oppurtunities created with the help of ICT.

Computer’s along with their programs and the Internet have created educational oppurtunities not available to any and all with an internet connection.

Replace “advances in technology” for “increased productivity” and the primary change from a labour-intensive to a technologyenabled economy can be explained. While information technology may have streamlined the business process, it has also created job redundancies,downsizing,and outsourcing. ICT can make someone more efficient at their job; company can therefore employ less people to complete that job.

Though information technology may have made communication quicker, easier, and more convenient, it has also brought along privacy issues. From cell phone signal interceptions, to e-mail hacking, people are now worried about their once private information becoming public knowledge. An example of this could be the embedding of microchips virtually everything you buy, wear, drive and read, allowing retailers and law enforcement to track consumer items and by extension, consumers-wherever they go, from distance.

Experts in a wide variety of fields believe that ICT has made job security a big issue, since technology keeps on changing nearly every day. This means that individuals need to be constantly studying or at least keeping up with changes in their profession, if they want to feel secure in their jobs to be secure.

While ICT may have made the world a global village,it has also contributed to one culture consuming another weaker one. For example, it is now argued that teenagers all over the world now act,dress,and behave. Languages too have become overshadowed, with English becoming the primary mode of communication for business and everthing else.

Computer viruses, worms, Trojans, malware, spam, phishing- any or all can cause chaos and disrupt our daily lives