World War I

World War I Monday 1/27 (Howell comes to Smith/Ginn) or Tuesday 1/28 (Howell comes to Lawton)

STANDARDS AND INDICATORS Standard: 5-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of major domestic and foreign developments that contributed to the United States becoming a world power.

5-3.6 Summarize the factors that led to the involvement of the United States in World War I and the role of the United States in fighting the war.

VOCABULARY WORDS 1. World War 1 – War fought from 1914 to 1918 between the Central and Allied Powers. The United States joined the Allied Powers in 1917, helping them to victory. 2. Nationalism – Love of country and the desire to have one’s country free from the control of another. 3. Alliance – Agreement among nations to defend one another. 4. Isolationism – Policy in which a nation prefers to remain neutral and let other countries handle their own affairs. 5. League of Nations - International organization formed after World War 1 to prevent wars.

6. Treaty of Versailles- Treaty signed in 1919 that officially ended World War 1. 7. Imperialism – The policy of extending the rule of authority of an empire or nation over foreign countries, or of acquiring and holding colonies and dependencies. 8. Militarism - a strong military spirit or policy. 9. Colonialism – the control or governing influence of a nation over a dependent country, territory

Take a look at this devastation…. What might motivate countries to go to war, risk lives, and cause such destruction?

Overview of WWI • World War I started in 1914 after Austrian Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated. Fighting lasted from 1914 until 1918. An agreement to stop fighting, also known as an armistice, occurred in 1918. The war was not officially over, however, until the signing of the Treaty of Versailles in 1919. Read Textbook page 273

Activity MAP SKILL Look at the map on page 273 and answer the following questions

Wednesday page 273

I do: Reading a Map textbook page 273 When I read a map, the first thing I need to look for is the title. The title of this map is “The Allied Powers and Central Powers in 1915.” Next, I need to find my map key or legend. Green means Allied Powers, pink represents the Central Powers, and the orange represents Neutral Nations. So, looking at my map, I can tell that Allied Powers were split by the Central Powers. This might cause a problem when fighting…which side will the attack?”

We do: Reading a Map textbook page 273 Let’s look at the map again and answer the following questions! 1. In 1914 Italy was a member of the Central Powers. What happened in 1915? 2. Which countries shown on the map were neutral in 1915?

We do: Reading a Map textbook page 273 Let’s look at the map again and answer the following questions! 1. In 1914 Italy was a member of the Central Powers. What happened in 1915? Italy changed its alliance to the Allied Powers. 2. Which countries shown on the map were neutral in 1915? Norway, Sweden, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Spain, Portugal, Greece, Albania, and Romania

You do: Atlas Activity In your groups/pairs, use atlas pages 76-77 to answer section 1 a.-f. questions. • • • •

Read the overview. Read map B. Look at picture A. Use the information to complete the sentences in section 1 on your atlas activity sheet. • Turn in atlas sheet when complete.

Closure Turn and Talk

Summarize what you learned today in class in one sentence.

Causes of WWI Friday 1/31

STANDARDS AND INDICATORS Standard: 5-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of major domestic and foreign developments that contributed to the United States becoming a world power.

5-3.6 Summarize the factors that led to the involvement of the United States in World War I and the role of the United States in fighting the war.

Causes of World War I • France and Germany had a history of conflict. – In the late 1800s, the two countries had fought in the Franco-Prussian War. – Germany won the war and made France sign a harsh treaty, that gave Germany control of land. – Tensions continued to increase between the two into the early 1900s until many felt another war unavoidable. page 274

Causes Cont. • The growth of imperialism added to the tensions between countries in the years before the war. –The countries of Europe all tried to build the largest empire because they believed a large empire would make them powerful. –For this reason, they competed for land in Africa and Asia.

Causes cont. • Militarism also grew throughout Europe in the years before World War I. –Most countries decided that building up their armed forces was the only way to protect themselves. –They also wanted to protect their empires from the other European powers.

Activity: Cause and Effect • Read USA Weekly Week 20 • “World War I Explodes in Europe” page 1

Activity—USA Week 20 pg. 1 “World War I Explodes in Europe”

I do: I ask myself why World War I begin?

Trade Competition between countries in Europe.

World War I Begins

We do: Ask yourself what caused World War I to begin?

Trade Competition between countries in Europe.

World War I Begins

We do: Ask yourself what caused World War I to begin?

Trade Competition between countries in Europe. Spirit of jealousy and fear spread over Europe.

Many nations wanted to form alliances to protect themselves.

World War I Begins

You do: Ask yourself what caused World War I to begin?

Trade Competition between countries in Europe. Spirit of jealousy and fear spread over Europe.

Many nations wanted to form alliances to protect themselves.

What other causes can you find?

World War I Begins

You do: Ask yourself what caused World War I to begin?

Trade Competition between countries in Europe. Spirit of jealousy and fear spread over Europe.

Many nations wanted to form alliances to protect themselves.

World War I Begins

Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand by a Serbian. Imperialism (taking over other lands.)

What other causes can you find?

Acts of terror.

Closure • What is a world war? • What was the purpose of alliances between countries?

Causes of WWI Cont. Monday 2/3

STANDARDS AND INDICATORS Standard: 5-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of major domestic and foreign developments that contributed to the United States becoming a world power.

5-3.6 Summarize the factors that led to the involvement of the United States in World War I and the role of the United States in fighting the war.

Causes Cont. • Nationalism grew in many areas of Europe in the 1800s. – Nationalism can be defined as loyalty to a region, country, or group. – In the Balkans, which is in southeastern Europe, the people grew tired of being controlled by large empires. – A group of Serbians known as the Black Hand were responsible for assassinating the Austrian archduke, Franz Ferdinand. – This is because their land was controlled by Austria and they wanted to rule themselves.

Allied Powers V. Central Powers • After war broke out, the countries of Europe united into two groups: the Allied Powers and the Central Powers. • The United States avoided getting involved in the conflict as long as possible but eventually joined the war on the side of the Allied Powers in 1917.

Powers Chart Allied Powers • France • Great Britain • Russia • United States

Central Powers • Germany • Austria-Hungary • Bulgaria • Ottoman Empire

M.A.I.N

• “MAIN” Causes of WWI –M-militarism –A-alliances –I-imperialism –N-nationalism

Activity: Sequence of Events/Summary USA Weekly 20 “World War I Explodes in Europe”

I do: Sequencing to help me summarize. I can ask myself what happened first in the text.

European nations are competing against each other.

We do: Sequencing to help me summarize. Ask what happened after the competition arose?

European nations are competing against each other.

We do: Sequencing to help me summarize. Ask what happened after the competition arose?

European nations are competing against each other.

European nations begin building alliances with each other.

You do: Sequencing to help me summarize. Ask what happened after the alliances began? Then complete the sequence map. European nations are competing against each other.

European nations begin building alliances with each other.

Closure/Exit Slip • Independently, use your sequence map and write a short summary of the article.

The US Enters WWI Thursday, February 20th

STANDARDS AND INDICATORS Standard: 5-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of major domestic and foreign developments that contributed to the United States becoming a world power.

5-3.6 Summarize the factors that led to the involvement of the United States in World War I and the role of the United States in fighting the war.

What do you see when you look at this drawing? What comes to mind? What could be going on here?

World War I and the United States • The United States tried to stay neutral for the first few years of World War I. – Many in the US supported isolationism, which is a foreign policy idea that means that the United States did not want to get involved with other countries. – Americans believed that becoming caught up in a European war would not benefit the U.S. in any way. – Staying neutral was very difficult, however, because of America's close relationship with Great Britain and the interruptions to trade.

• The United States became concerned about Germany early in the war. • The Germans announced they would be using unrestricted submarine warfare. – This meant German submarines would sink any enemy ship without warning. – They said they would even sink ships that were not being used for the military, like merchant or passenger ships.

• In 1915, a German submarine sunk the Lusitania. –The Lusitania was a British ocean liner. Most of the passengers on the ship were killed, including some Americans. –This angered many Americans and is considered one of the reasons that the United States became involved in World War I.

• In February 1917, British intelligence intercepted a telegram addressed to the German minister in Mexico from German Foreign Secretary Arthur Zimmerman. – Zimmerman offered to help Mexico recover territories (like Texas, California, and Arizona) that they had lost to the U.S., in exchange for an alliance between Mexico and Germany. – The British passed this message to U.S. officials who took this threat very seriously.

• Throughout the war, Americans slowly turned against Germany. • On April 2, 1917, President Woodrow Wilson called a special session of Congress in order to ask for a declaration of war against Germany. • The United States declared war on April 6, 1917.

Trench Warfare—Why fight this way?

Is this a safe way to fight? Why or why not? What other types of fighting do you think happened during WWI?

Activity Cause (Why?) and Effect (What?) Students will complete the cause and effect chart on page 60 in the workbook. Use textbook pages 272-280 to help determine the causes and effect.

I do: Cause and Effect Cause—I ask myself, why was there increased tension in Europe and the formation of alliances?

Effect—(The What)

• Increased tension in Europe, formation of alliances

I do: Cause and Effect Cause

Effect

• Competition, rising nationalism in Europe.

• Increased tension in Europe, formation of alliances

We do: Cause and Effect Cause

• United States pursues policy of isolationism.

Effect

We do: Cause and Effect Cause

Effect

• United States pursues policy of isolationism.

• United States stays out of the War at first.

You do: Cause and Effect Cause

Effect

Competition, rising nationalism in Europe.

Increased tension in Europe, formation of alliances

1.

Casualty figures rise shockingly

United States pursues policy of isolationism

United States stays out of the War at first.

United States enters the fighting

2.

3.

United States does not join the League of Nations

You do: Cause and Effect Cause

Effect

Competition, rising nationalism in Europe.

Increased tension in Europe, formation of alliances

Trench warfare and use of new weapons such as poison gas. United States pursues policy of isolationism

Casualty figures rise shockingly

United States enters the fighting Some in the United States fear the League of Nations would draw the US into future conflicts.

United States stays out of the War at first. Tide on the battlefield turns against Central Powers United States does not join the League of Nations

Name___________

Exit Slip

• Read “Mechanized War Magnifies Loss” on the bottom page 2 of USA Weekly 20 and complete the exit slip. Effect

Cause World War I brought new technology to warfare.

Effect

Effect

The US and WWI Friday, February 21st

What word comes to mind when you look at this picture? Would you have the courage to put yourself in harms way?

STANDARDS AND INDICATORS Standard: 5-3 The student will demonstrate an understanding of major domestic and foreign developments that contributed to the United States becoming a world power.

5-3.6 Summarize the factors that led to the involvement of the United States in World War I and the role of the United States in fighting the war.

• As early as September 1914, the countries fighting in World War I had reached a stalemate. –A stalemate is a situation where no one is winning. –After the United States entered the war in 1917, the Allies began to win the war.

After the War • When the war ended in 1918, President Woodrow Wilson made a peace plan known as his Fourteen Points. –He called for an end to colonialism and the establishment of the League of Nations, an international peacekeeping organization. –The Fourteen Points were the main idea of the Treaty of Versailles.

Treaty of Versailles • The Treaty of Versailles ended World War I. – The treaty placed all the blame for the war on Germany and removed its military strength. • forced to pay other countries for the entire cost of the war

– President Wilson wanted European countries to help each other recover after the war. – It was clear, though, that countries like France and Great Britain simply wanted to punish Germany.

• The United States refused to ratify the Treaty of Versailles because the U.S. Senate was concerned over the role of the League of Nations. • It was concerned that the organization would override American interests and reduce Congress' war powers. • After the war, the United States gained respect and was seen as a world power because of its helpful role in the war.

Activity • Jigsaw the article “America Helps Win World War I” – Each group will be assigned a portion of the article and will create a 5W’s chart to share with the class.

I do: “Food, Clothing, and War Equipment Shortages” Read article (USA Weekly 20, pgs. 2) , then complete 5W’s chart.

• Who? • What? • When? • Where? • Why?

I do: “Food, Clothing, and War Equipment Shortages” Read article (USA Weekly 20, pgs. 2) , then complete 5W’s chart.

• Who? European Workers, German agents and spies, American Factories • What? European factories and farms could not make enough supplies for the troops in Europe. US business boomed because of this, but eventually blockades kept American from selling supplies to Germany. Germany then sent spies and agents to America to sabotage their factories and industries. • When? During World War I • Where? Europe and America • Why? Germany was mad that they could not get

We do: “U-Boats” Read article (USA Weekly 20, pgs. 2) , then complete 5W’s chart.

• Who? • What? • When? • Where? • Why?

We do: “U-Boats” Read article (USA Weekly 20, pgs. 2) , then complete 5W’s chart.

• Who? Germany • What? U-Boats used to sink merchant ships, eventually sunk the Lusitania, a British passenger ship that had Americans on it. • When? 1915 • Where? Off the coast of Ireland • Why? Germany had declare the waters off the coasts of its enemies a war zone.

You do: “U-Boats” Read article (USA Weekly 20, pgs. 2) , then complete 5W’s chart. 5W’s Chart

• Who? • What? • When? • Where? • Why?

Groups:

1. United States Declares War 2. The Western Front 3. America Breaks Through the German Lines 4. The War is Over

Closure: • Historians say that the end of World War I helped to cause World War II. Can you think how?

Closure: • Historians say that the end of World War I helped to cause World War II. Can you think how? – The losing sides hostility and anger over having to pay war damages, loss of pride and land

• Who? ____________________________ ___________________________________ • What? ____________________________ ___________________________________ • When? ___________________________ ___________________________________ • Where? ___________________________ ___________________________________ • Why? ____________________________ ___________________________________

Monday, February 24th

WWI VIDEO

Video• World War I

3, 2, 1: Video—World War I • 3 Things I learned: – 1. – 2. – 3. • 2 Things I have questions about – 1. – 2. • 1 Opinion – 1.

Review Tuesday, February 25th Jeopardy/Study Guide Questions

QUESTIONS: 1. Explain how the U.S. felt about the war at the beginning of World War 1? Answer: The U.S. wanted to remain neutral and stay out of the fighting. 2. What two events angered many Americans and led to increased support for the war. Answer: The sinking of the Lusitania and the Zimmermann Telegram 3. What factors helped set the stage for the outbreak of World War I? Answer: growing nationalism in Europe, competition between the nations of Europe, and alliances among different nations of Europe.

4. During World War I, what did the countries of Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, and Belgium become known as? Answer: the Allied Powers 5. Why did the United States decided to break its policy of isolationism and enter World War? Answer: A German submarine sank ship Lusitania and killed more than 100 U.S. citizens, Germany promised to help Mexico get back lands it had lost to the United States, and German submarines sank three American-owned trade ships.

6. What effect did United States troops have on the war when they entered it? Answer: The Allied Powers quickly gained a military advantage 7. What was the impact of World War I in the United States? Answer: Some women went to work in factories to take over jobs men had done, The government set up a Food Administration to encourage people to eat less and send food to soldiers, and People started growing food in “war gardens” to send to soldiers fighting overseas.

8. What was President Wilson hoping to accomplish by entering World War 1 Answer: He wanted to make the world “safe for Democracy.” 9. What was a major factor in the victory of the Allied Powers? Answer: American troops entered the war on the side of the Allies 10. Which countries was a member of the Allied Powers? Answer: Great Britain, France, Russia, Serbia, and Belgium

11. Why did the members of Congress vote not to join the League of Nations? Answer: They wanted the United States to stay out of other countries’ problems. 12. Name two results of the Treaty of Versailles and tell whether or not this was what President Wilson wanted. Answer: The Central Powers were punished-President Wilson did not want this. The League of Nations was created-President Wilson had suggested that such an organization be formed.

13. Summarize the actions of the United States throughout World War I. Answer: The United States originally chose to avoid involvement in World War I. German attacks on shipping and attempts to draw Mexico into the conflict finally led the United States to join the war. Once involved in the fighting, the United States helped turn the tide and bring victory to the Allies.