19th Century: Art Nouveau

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Century Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp

Topics   

19th Century: Art Nouveau 19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson 19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan

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Century: Art Nouveau

Art Nouveau gains its origin from the period known as “La Belle Epoch” 1880 – 1905  Nurtured by a variety of sources 

Arts and Crafts movement  Gothic Revival  Celtic Revival  Late Baroque and Rococo  Arts of China and Japan 

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Century: Art Nouveau

Earliest emergence of Art Nouveau begins in England 

Arthur Heygate Mackmurdo (1851 – 1942) 

Designed the title page of Wren’s City Churches 

Believed to be the first manifestation of Art Nouveau

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Century: Art Nouveau

Victor Horta (1861 – 1947) Belgian architect known for Art Nouveau structures in Belgium  Structures 

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Tassel House

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Century: Art Nouveau

Tassel House   

Brussels, Belgium 1892 – 1893 Features 

Swirling tendril designs

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Century: Art Nouveau

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Century: Art Nouveau

Antonio y Cornet Gaudi (1852 – 1926) Spanish architect  Began as a Gothic Revival architect  Key structures 

Sagrada Familia  Casa Mila  Parc Guell 

19th Century: Art Nouveau 

Sagrada Familia Located in Barcelona, Spain  Gaudi moved away from Gothic style and incorporated his own personal style into his work on the structure  Retains Gothic structural overtones but features a heavy, towering, sculptural presence that is clearly not Gothic 

19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau 

Casa Mila Located in Barcelona, Spain  An apartment house  Features 

Undulating plasticity in its façade and plan  No bearing walls internally 

19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau 

Parc Guell Sited on a hillside west of Barcelona, Spain  Features 

Extensive merging of naturalistic forms into walkways, stairways, and seating  Vaulting leans at oblique angles in a grotto walkway  Stairs flow downward like lava  Ceramic tile finishes 

19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau 

Charles Rennie Mackintosh (1868 – 1928) Scottish contemporary to Gaudi  Gifted designer who had a brief architectural career  Developed a unique style that is marginally related to Art Nouveau 

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Uses curves derived from natural forms

Key structures Glasgow School of Art  Hill House 

19th Century: Art Nouveau 

Glasgow School of Art Mackintosh’s first and largest commission  Presents three elevations to the perimeter streets  Main entrance façade is a tight monolithic mass bounded by two rows of large, north-facing studio windows 

19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau 

Hill House Designed for a Glasgow publisher  Stands like a castle on rising ground  Monolithic character is achieved by pebble-dash stucco 

19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Art Nouveau

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19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson 

Henry Hobson Richardson (1838 – 1886) Second American to attend the the Ecole Des Beaux-Arts  Born to a wealthy family in Louisiana  Major structures 

Sherman House, Newport  Stoughton House, Cambridge 

19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson 

Sherman House  

Located in Newport, RI Features 

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Rusticated stone on the ground floor walls Shingles on the upperfloor walls and roof Substantial chimneys

19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson

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19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson 

Stoughton House Located in Cambridge, MA  Simplified the complex forms of the Sherman House  Features 

Shingle-skinned plan  Two-story living hall 

19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson

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19th Century: Henry Hobson Richardson

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19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan 

Louis Henry Sullivan (1856 – 1924) Architect from Chicago  As original of an architect as Richardson  Applied traces of Neo-Classicism and Romanticism  Major structures 

Auditorium Building, Chicago  National Farmer’s Bank, Owatonna 

19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan 

Auditorium Building Located in Chicago  One of the most complex multiuse buildings constructed in the country at the time  Contained a ten-story hotel  Additional offices in the rear 

19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan

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19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan

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19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan 

National Farmer’s Bank 

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Located in Owatonna, MN Simple rectangular solid with one circular arch on each street front

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19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan

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19th Century: Louis Henri Sullivan

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References   

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Sullivan, Mary; http://www.bluffton.edu/~sullivanm/ http://www.brynmawr.edu/Acads/Cities/wld/wdpt1.html Trachtenburg/Hyman; Architecture: From Prehistory to Postmodernity Wodehouse/Moffett; A History of Western Architecture

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Century Architecture Architectural History ACT 322 Doris Kemp