An Emerging World Power

An Emerging World Power Chapter 5 Academic Mrs. Hauber

Section 1: Roots of Imperialism   

Definition Historical roots Early Expansion  Perry  Cushing  Seward

Causes of Imperialism    

Economic Natural Resources Spread of Religion Increased Prosperity

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Military Reasons Spread of Democracy National Superiority  Manifest

Destiny  Social Darwinism

Video on Expansion

Sea Power 

Captain Alfred Thayer Mahan—wrote “The Influence of Sea Power Upon History”  Need

for more markets  Need for powerful navy to support trade  Colonies to provide raw materials  Naval bases  Panama Canal 

By 1900 US was 3rd ranking navy

Video on Mahan

William Seward Purchase of Alaska  “Seward’s Folly”  Two main resources 

Purchase of Alaska

US Influence in Latin America Pan-American Conference in 1889  Venezuelan Boundary Dispute  Monroe Doctrine  Showed a more aggressive nature from the US 

Interest in Hawaii Links to the US  Voting Rights  New Tariff 

The Annexation of Hawaii   

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Queen Lilikoulani John Stevens Treaty was drawn up In 1893, Grover Cleveland withdrew treaty and restored “Queen Lil” to the throne. In 1898, US finally annexed Hawaii under McKinley

Annexing Hawaii

Videoclip on US’s expansion

Section 2: The Spanish-American War

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The Spanish-American War marked the rise of the United States as a global military power.

Revolt in Cuba 

US was always interested in Cuba  

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Sugar plantations Investments in railroads

Cuba was a colony of Spain Cuban rebels fought for independence from Spain Jose Marti

The Cuban Revolt

Spain’s Response 

Valeriano “Butcher” Weyler—ruthless General sent by Spain to put down revolt.   

Concentration camps Torture Starvation and Disease

The Yellow Press 

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Type of journalism that told scandalous stories to sell papers. Joseph Pulitzer—headed “New York World” Magazine and printed sensational stories of Spanish atrocities. 

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Invented the “Yellow Kid”—first comic strip in America

William Randolph Hearst—headed the “New York Journal”

Other events that led to US Involvement 

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Dupuy DeLome—Spanish ambassador in Cuba that wrote a letter which insulted our President. Letter was published in US by the Yellow Press Sinking of the Maine—US Battleship that exploded outside of the Cuba. 260 died. US blamed Spain.

Sinking of the Maine

US Goes to War 

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McKinley did not want war; but Americans demanded it. April 11, 1898 US declares War

Defeat of the Spanish Fleet 

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George Dewey— ordered by TR to attack Spanish Fleet at the Philippines Dewey had a great victory—won within 7 hours!

The Rough Riders 

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A group of cowboys, sheriffs, and desperados from the west led by TR They defeated the Spanish at San Juan Hill in Cuba Cheering Americans celebrated their victory all over the US.

“Splendid Little War” 

Nickname given to the Spanish American War by John Hay    

Lasted only 4 months Only 385 battle deaths Acquired an empire Marked a big change in how the US related to the world

US Acquisitions   

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Treaty of Paris Puerto Rico Guam—to be used as a refueling station in the middle of the Pacific Ocean Philippines  

All 7000 islands Paid 20 million to Spain for land

Anti-Imperialists 

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Those who were against the acquisition of new territories Reasons: 

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Undermines democracy Threatens American culture Invites perpetual war Hypocritical

Famous anti-imperialists included: Samuel Gompers, Andrew Carnegie, and William Jennings Bryan

Section 3: The US and East Asia 

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Filipinos wanted independence; they went from being ruled by Spain to being ruled by the US. Emilio Aguinaldo—Filipino that led revolt against Americans US used brutal methods to put the Filipinos down War lasted three years In 1901 Howard Taft became governor of the Philippines

Trade With China 

Spheres of Influence— Land was leased to spec

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Open Door Policy-Ever nation would have equal commercial treatment throughout China.

Boxer Rebellion 

Boxers—Chinese rebels that rose up against foreign influence.  

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Believed their hands were magic Into martial arts

Outraged, many of the Great Powers wanted to divide China up and acquire it. US preserved China’s independence by urging the Great Powers to resume Open Door Policy

Tensions Rise Between the US and Japan 

Russo-Japanese War 

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Asian-American Prejudice 

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Teddy Roosevelt intervened and made a treaty Gentleman’s Agreement—ended segregation and Japan would limit its immigration

Great White Fleet—16 US White Battleships went on a tour around the US.

Section 4: The US and Latin America • US Policy in Puerto Rico and Cuba • “Big Stick” Diplomacy – Building of the Panama Canal – Roosevelt Corollary

• Wilson Pursues a Moral Diplomacy – US and Mexico

Puerto Rico • Foraker Act—authorized the US to obtain control and appoint a governor. – Puerto Ricans were not given full citizenship rights in the US – The US government could tax Puerto Rican goods sold in the US

Cuban Protectorate • Teller Amendment—gave Cuba independence • Platt Amendment—gave the US the right to intervene in Cuba • Protectorate—protection and partial control of another country

Teddy Roosevelt’s “Big Stick” Diplomacy • Depended on a strong military • “Speak softly and carry a big stick”

Panama Canal • • • •

French first tried but failed Columbian revolt; Panamanians won US bought Panama route for $40 million Hardships – Rock – Yellow fever

Roosevelt Corollary • Updated the Monroe Doctrine • The US would use police power to keep European influence out • Latin America disagreed that they needed this protection

Dollar Diplomacy • William Howard Taft’s Foreign Policy • Meant to increase American investments in Central and Latin America.

Moral Diplomacy • Woodrow Wilson’s policy • Meant the US would not gain any more territory and would work to promote human rights, national integrity, and opportunity • Exceptions: – Haiti – Mexico

Wilson Sends troops to Mexico • Revolution – Porfirio Diaz—Mexican dictator that was overthrown

• Wilson wanted Carranza in power • Pancho Villa—Mexican bandit seized control and killed 18 Americans in a fire in new Mexico • Escaped and was never captured