Chapter 15 - The News Media

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Chapter 15 The News Media

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Roots of the News Media in the United States LO 15.1: Trace the historical development of the news media in the United States.

Current News Media Trends

LO 15.2: Characterize four major trends in the news media today.

Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Rules Governing the News Media

LO 15.3: Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

How the News Media Cover Politics

LO 15.4: Assess how the news media cover politics.

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Chapter Outline and Learning Objectives Toward Reform: News Media Influence, News Media Bias, and Public Confidence

LO 15.5: Evaluate the influence of the news media on public policy and the impact of media bias.

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Roots of the News Media in the United States

LO 15.1: Trace the historical development of the news media in the United States.

• •

Where do people get their news? Mass media includes – – – – –

Print sources Movies Radio Television New Media

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LO 15.1

Print Media

• • • •

Early partisan press Penny press Yellow Journalism Muckraking

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LO 15.1

Radio News • •

FDR’s fireside chats Today – –

AM Talk—conservative dominance Liberals: National Public Radio

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LO 15.1

Television News • • •

Network News Cable News: CSPAN Comedy News: SNL, the Daily Show, the Colbert Report

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LO 15.1

New Media • •

The Internet Blogs –

•

Redstate.org, dailykos.com

Social networking sites –

Facebook, Twitter

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Today most Americans get their news from _____. A. B. C. D. E.

LO 15.1

Cable TV the Internet Radio Local TV Newspapers

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Today most Americans get their news from _____. A. B. C. D. E.

LO 15.1

Cable TV the Internet Radio Local TV Newspapers

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Current News Media Trends

LO 15.2: Characterize four major trends in the news media today.

•

Consolidation of privately-owned media –

•

Top 10 media chains account for more than 50% of daily circulation

Concerns – –

Market pressures Control of the flow of information

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LO 15.2

Narrowcasting •

Fierce competition to attract viewers and the rise of cable and satellite television have led media outlets to move toward narrowcasting – – – –

Fox News versus MSNBC Spanish-language news programs on stations such as Univision and Telemundo Black Entertainment Television Pat Robertson’s Christian Broadcasting Network

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LO 15.2

Increasing Use of Experts • • • •

Most journalists not specialize Increasingly rely on experts How objective are these experts? How does party affiliation of the journalists affect citizens’ news sources?

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LO 15.2

Citizen Journalists •

The rise of citizen journalists – –

• •

Internet Traditional media

Pro: Democratization Con: Untrained in rules and standards of journalism

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The top 10 media chains account for approximately ___% of daily circulated newspapers. A. B. C. D. E.

LO 15.2

30 10 50 70 90

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The top 10 media chains account for approximately ___% of daily circulated newspapers. A. B. C. D. E.

LO 15.2

30 10 50 70 90

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Rules Governing the News Media

LO 15.3: Summarize the ethical standards and federal regulations that govern the news media.

Journalistic Standards • Dealing with sources – –

•

•

On the record Off the record

Getting a story right v. getting a story first Ombudsmen

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LO 15.3

Journalistic Standards • • •

On or off the record On background Deep background

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LO 15.3

Government Regulations • •

Prior restraint Media ownership – –

•

Telecommunications Act of 1996 Federal Communications Commission

Content regulations –

Equal time rule

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The Supreme Court case NY Times v. U.S. (1971) concerning the publication of the Pentagon Papers affirmed the principle of A. B. C. D. E.

LO 15.3

media ownership. content regulation. the equal time rule. prior restraint. protection of unnamed sources.

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The Supreme Court case NY Times v. U.S. (1971) concerning the publication of the Pentagon Papers affirmed the principle of A. B. C. D. E.

LO 15.3

media ownership. content regulation. the equal time rule. prior restraint. protection of unnamed sources.

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How the News Media Cover Politics LO 15.4: Assess how the news media cover politics.

•

How the Press and Public Figures Interact – –

•

Covering the Presidency – –

• •

Press releases Press briefings and press conferences Receives the most media attention The press secretary

Covering Congress Covering the Supreme Court

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The White House Press Secretary:

A. B. C. D. E.

LO 15.4

delivers daily briefings to the press. answers the phone for the president. is really more like an administrative assistant. is elected by the national press core to represent their interests. is required to bring coffee and cookies to meetings the president has.

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The White House Press Secretary:

A. B. C. D. E.

LO 15.4

delivers daily briefings to the press. answers the phone for the president. is really more like an administrative assistant. is elected by the national press core to represent their interests. is required to bring coffee and cookies to meetings the president has.

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Toward Reform: News Media Influence, News Media Bias, and Public Confidence

LO 15.5: Evaluate the influence of the news media on public policy and the impact of media bias.

News Media Influence on public opinion • Sway people who lack a strong opinion • Bring attention to issues removed from daily lives • Agenda setting • Framing Copyright © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Longman

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LO 15.5

News Media Bias •

Media bias unavoidable--journalists are human. – – –

•

Media generally thought to be liberal. Prefer good stories over issue analysis. Can be charmed by interesting personalities.

Public confidence – –

Accepted as an authoritative source But Pew Research Center Poll: 63 percent believed the press was often inaccurate

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LO 15.6

The process by which a news organization defines a political issue and consequently affects opinion about the issue is called _________. A. B. C. D. E.

framing agenda setting media effects crossfire ideological promotion

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LO 15.6

The process by which a news organization defines a political issue and consequently affects opinion about the issue is called _________. A. B. C. D. E.

framing agenda setting media effects crossfire ideological promotion

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Figure 15.1: Where do Americans get their news?

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Table 15.1: How does party affiliation affect citizens’ news sources?

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