Chapter 17 The New Frontier and The Great Society

Chapter 17 The New Frontier and The Great Society 1

Starter #3: Tuesday 2/26 2

 Read the Inside Story on page 526  Why might radio listeners and television viewers

have had different opinions of the candidates’ performances in the debates?  How were the campaigns affected as a result of the televised debates?

Kennedy Becomes President 3

 Kennedy vs. Nixon  JFK represented youth & change  Strong Anti-Communist tone  Claimed that Soviets surpassing US  Close election – 120,000 votes separated them out of

69 million

Kennedy’s Cabinet 4

 Surrounded himself with young influential people  “best and the brightest”  Robert Kennedy (Bobby) – his brother made him

Attorney General

The Bay of Pigs Invasion 5

 Castro took over Cuba in 1959 with a strong anti-

American message  Signed trade agreement with Soviets in 1960  CIA secretly training 1500 Cuban exiles to overthrow Castro  Planned a secret invasion to overtake Castro – thought Cubans would join in

Failure of the Bay of Pigs Invasion 6

 New York Times reported the plan a week before    

invasion Failed to destroy Cuban air force Land invasion on the shore of Bay of Pigs had little chance of success Expected anti-Castro uprising never happened Strengthened Soviet – Cuban relations

The Berlin Crisis 7

 West vs. East  Early 1961 200,000 East Berliners escaped to the

West  Threat of East taking over the West, so JFK build up troops in the West  August 13, 1961 Soviets put 25,000 guards on the border and erected a barbed wire barrier around West Berlin

Berlin Wall 8

 Concert Wall later replaced the barbed wire fencing  “A wall is a … lot better than a war”  Wall separated families, neighborhoods, streets,

cemeteries  JFK’s “I am a Berliner” speech  June 26, 1963

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West Side vs. East Side 10

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Cuban Missile Crisis 12

 October 1962 – closest US came to nuclear war  Background  Both countries taking a hard line  Failure of Bay of Pigs, wanted another invasion of Cuba  US put missiles in Turkey  Soviets felt justified in placing missiles in Cuba

Cuban Missile Crisis 13

 U-2 spy planes flew over Cuba and discovered

SAMs (surface to air missiles)  Soviets denied, another U-2 flight found solid evidence Soviets had lied  Air Strike vs. Naval Blockade  JFK decided on Blockade of Soviets into Cuba – Soviets warned this would cause war  World waited as Soviets neared blockade, and they turned away  Soviets said would remove missiles if we never invaded Cuba – we agreed  Set up hotline for US & Soviets to communicate

Starter #7, Tuesday 2/8 14

 Based on the notes from yesterday:  Why were U.S. – Cuban relations strained when

Kennedy took office?  Why would a strong Soviet alliance with a Latin

American nation make the United States uneasy?

Starter # 14 Friday 2/10 15

 Read the Inside Story on page 535  How did the Kennedy family embody youth and

vitality?  Describe Jacqueline Kennedy and what she did while she was First Lady.

Chapter 17 Section 2 Kennedy’s 16 Thousand Days  Kennedy’s New Frontier  Youth and vitality Kennedy’s brought to White

House

Image and Reality 17

 Understood power of media  Pictures of activity (sailing, swimming)  Used his wife and two young kids to create a

favorable public opinion 

First young kids in White House since 1908

 Jackie was 31 when JKF was elected  Made White House the nation’s unofficial cultural center by hosting elaborate events

Kennedy and Congress 18

 Liked Kennedy more than his policy of New

Frontier 

Many Americans not reform minded

 Southern Democrats and Republicans joined

together to block Kennedy’s proposals 

Due to 1960 close election, JFK needed to convience Congress that the people agreed with his plan

 Denied the clear mandate: authorization to act

Continued… 19

 Congress denied his acts to lower taxes for

unemployed, federal education aid, health care for the elderly  Bypassed Congress 1962, used media to pressure steel companies to lower prices  Helped lower class; raised minimum wage

The Space Program 20

 Symbolized the New Frontier  Asked for Congress’ funding of the unmanned

exploration of space

The Warren Court 21

 Court responsible for changes to American society  Earl Warren: Chief Justice who granted

controversial Court rulings which greatly extended individual rights and freedoms  Influential with Civil Rights  Warren Court: 1960s issued series of decisions concern several reforms

Voting-Rights Reform 22

 Updated boundaries of legislative districts  Some had not been updated since 1901  Densely populated urban areas have same votes as rural regions  Violated 14th Amendment; denied voters equal

protections of the law 

Reform guaranteed each citizen’s vote had equal weight: “one person, one vote”

 Baker v. Carr  Westberry v. Sanders

The Rights of the Accused 23

 Extended the Bill of Rights to the actions of state

government  Mapp v. Ohio – search warrants  Gideon v. Wainwright – free attorneys  Miranda v. Arizona – Miranda Rights

Religious Freedom 24

 Engel v. Vitale: banned formal prayers in Public

Schools  Violated 1st Amendment, that government would not make any religion the nation’s official religion

The Kennedy Assassination 25

 November 22, 1963 flew to Texas to help win back

support of Southern Democrats for re-election Dallas in open car motorcade with Jackie  Shots fired from building  Died hours later, Johnson sworn in as President aboard Air Force One 

“The legacy of hope died with him. You never had that same sense again that we were moving forward.”

The Warren Commission 26

 Arrested Lee Harvey Oswald with shooting of JFK  Had connections with Soviet Union and Cuba  2 days later during transfer Jack Ruby shot Oswald  President Johnson named to commission to

investigate 

After 10 months; determined no conspiracy

An end to a beginning 27

 Assassination affected the nation  Jackie planned funeral to rival that of Lincoln  Buried hillside at Arlington with eternal flame  Legacy: Improved relations with Soviet Union and

created the Peace Corps

Starter #4: Thursday 2/28 28

 Read the Inside Story on page 541.  Describe the “Johnson Treatment”  Why was this treatment so effective in getting him

what he wanted?

Starter #5 29

 Look at Chart on pg 546  Which Great Society program do you think has been

most beneficial to American society? Why

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Chapter 17 Section 3 The Great Society 33

 Johnson Becomes President  While vice president, he missed the power he had in the Senate 



Opposite of JFK 



Might have better served JFK in Senate, policies may have gone through Rugged, battle scars, crude language

Great Depression got job through NYA 

State Director for TX, Congress, Senate

Continued… 34

 After one year, elected Senate Majority Leader  Close relationship with Eisenhower, many policies pushed through, well liked Democrat  Differed with JFK in policies  Expanded role for government, concern for poor & underprivileged

“All I have I would have given gladly not to be standing here today.”

Enacting Kennedy’s Agenda 35

 Vowed to carry on Kennedy’s policies  New Frontier

“Let us here highly resolve that John Fitzgerald did not live – or die– in vain.”

Creating the Great Society 36

 Own presidency, pushed his policies  Education Acts  Aide to schools, college students, Head Start  Health Care  Medicare & Medicaid  Improve quality of life, environmental laws  Highway Beautification Act  Major programs listed on page 546

Decline of the Great Society 37

 Peak 1965-1966, passed 181 of 200 bills  Midterm Republicans gained seats, slowed down

legislations  Public Broadcasting Act 1967 

PBS & NPR, alternatives to offerings of commercial television and radio

 Truth-in-Lending Act 1967  Lenders inform consumers of costs of credit transactions  Great Society policies still around today

Johnson’s Foreign Policy 38

 Vietnam War, caused decline in domestic affairs  385,000 troops sent to Vietnam 1966  Spent $2.5 billion each month  “We cannot have guns and butter”

 Chose guns; stop spread of communism

The War on Poverty 39

 JFK motivated by The Other America  Excerpt page 543, not all Americans benefited from postwar prosperity  Notified first day of office  Johnson gave it top priority

 War on Poverty; mentioned in State of Union

address Jan 1964 

Passed the Economic Opportunity Act

 Job Corps: Work Training for unemployed

youth  VISTA: domestic version of Peace Corps

Other Initiatives Passed 40

 Tax Cut Bill & Civil Rights Legislation  Economy grew 10%, unemployed declined  Civil Rights Act of 1964  Civil Rights in memory of JFK

The Great Society 41

 Johnson had own plans…speech page 545  The 1964 Election  Great Society: term used for domestic policies  Barry Goldwater, Republican candidate Democrats made look like radical who would lead country to nuclear war, referred to in Vietnam War  Compared Great Society to communism 



Johnson received 61% of popular vote

Continued… 42

 Johnson Doctrine  Sent troops to Dominican Republic to put down uprising  Justified by declaring not just local concerns when “the object is the establishment of a Communist dictatorship.”  Improve relations with Soviet Union  Negotiated first treaty since 1917  Pueblo Incident  North Korea captured US ship & crew  Sent in 14,000, negotiated but kept the ship