Chapter 21 review questions

PowerPoint® Clicker Questions prepared by Mark Hollier, Georgia Perimeter College Clarkston Campus

CHAPTER

21

The Immune System: Innate and Adaptive Body Defenses © Annie Leibovitz/Contact Press Images

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Which of the following act(s) as the first line of defense against foreign pathogens?

a) b) c) d)

Skin Synovial membranes Mucous membranes Both a and c

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Which of the following act(s) as the first line of defense against foreign pathogens?

a) b) c) d)

Skin Synovial membranes Mucous membranes Both a and c

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The two intrinsic defense systems have many components. Which of the following cell types is not a contributor to specific immunity?

a) b) c) d)

Natural killer cells Plasma cells B cells T cells

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The two intrinsic defense systems have many components. Which of the following cell types is not a contributor to specific immunity?

a) b) c) d)

Natural killer cells Plasma cells B cells T cells

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Which of the following is not a mechanical barrier to pathogen invasion?

a) b) c) d)

Mucus Tears Saliva Interferon

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Which of the following is not a mechanical barrier to pathogen invasion?

a) b) c) d)

Mucus Tears Saliva Interferon

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Macrophages are derived from ________.

a) b) c) d)

megakaryocytes monocytes T lymphocytes plasma cells

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Macrophages are derived from ________.

a) b) c) d)

megakaryocytes monocytes T lymphocytes plasma cells

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In order for some phagocytes to destroy certain pathogens they have ingested (like the tuberculosis bacillus), _______ must be deployed. a) b) c) d)

lysosomes diapedesis the respiratory burst complement

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In order for some phagocytes to destroy certain pathogens they have ingested (like the tuberculosis bacillus), _______ must be deployed. a) b) c) d)

lysosomes diapedesis the respiratory burst complement

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What characteristic do all inflammatory chemicals share?

a) b) c) d)

They are all a type of histamine. They all help stop bleeding. They are all vasodilators. They are all secreted by macrophages.

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What characteristic do all inflammatory chemicals share?

a) b) c) d)

They are all a type of histamine. They all help stop bleeding. They are all vasodilators. They are all secreted by macrophages.

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An increase in white blood cell number in the bloodstream, which is characteristic of inflammation, is called ________.

a) b) c) d)

chemotaxis leukocytosis leukemia diapedesis

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An increase in white blood cell number in the bloodstream, which is characteristic of inflammation, is called ________.

a) b) c) d)

chemotaxis leukocytosis leukemia diapedesis

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The process by which phagocytes exit capillaries and enter injured tissue is called _________.

a) b) c) d)

chemotaxis leukocytosis diffusion diapedesis

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The process by which phagocytes exit capillaries and enter injured tissue is called _________.

a) b) c) d)

chemotaxis leukocytosis diffusion diapedesis

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A patient has contracted the hepatitis C virus. Which of the following drug therapies might be effective?

a) b) c) d)

Aspirin Interferon Penicillin Ibuprofen

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A patient has contracted the hepatitis C virus. Which of the following drug therapies might be effective?

a) b) c) d)

Aspirin Interferon Penicillin Ibuprofen

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The basic mechanism employed by complement to fight bacterial infections is _______.

a) b) c) d)

antibody production fever elevation bacterial cell membrane lysis antiviral protein synthesis

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The basic mechanism employed by complement to fight bacterial infections is _______.

a) b) c) d)

antibody production fever elevation bacterial cell membrane lysis antiviral protein synthesis

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The process of attaching complement proteins to the bacterial cell wall to enhance phagocytosis is called _______.

a) b) c) d)

optimization MAC attachment complement activation opsonization

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The process of attaching complement proteins to the bacterial cell wall to enhance phagocytosis is called _______.

a) b) c) d)

optimization MAC attachment complement activation opsonization

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What would be the body's response if the hypothalamus detected pyrogens?

a) b) c) d)

An increase in body temperature set point Mobilization of lymphocytes from the bone marrow Increased sweating to lower body temperature Complement inhibition

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What would be the body's response if the hypothalamus detected pyrogens?

a) b) c) d)

An increase in body temperature set point Mobilization of lymphocytes from the bone marrow Increased sweating to lower body temperature Complement inhibition

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Which of the following materials or compounds would be the most highly immunogenic?

a) b) c) d)

Nonself antibody Plastic Hapten Self antibody

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Which of the following materials or compounds would be the most highly immunogenic?

a) b) c) d)

Nonself antibody Plastic Hapten Self antibody

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The presence of _______ proteins makes it possible for our immune system to differentiate between our cells and those that are foreign. a) b) c) d)

antigenic determinant MHC hapten antibody

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The presence of _______ proteins makes it possible for our immune system to differentiate between our cells and those that are foreign. a) b) c) d)

antigenic determinant MHC hapten antibody

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The adaptive immune system involves three major cell types: antigen-presenting cells; T cells, which constitute _______ immunity; and B cells, which govern _______ immunity. a) b) c) d)

nonspecific; specific antigenic; allergic MHC; MAC cell-mediated; humoral

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The adaptive immune system involves three major cell types: antigen-presenting cells; T cells, which constitute _______ immunity; and B cells, which govern _______ immunity. a) b) c) d)

nonspecific; specific antigenic; allergic MHC; MAC cell-mediated; humoral

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_______ become antigenic if they attach themselves to larger proteins.

a) b) c) d)

Haptens Antigenic determinants Pyrogens MHC proteins

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_______ become antigenic if they attach themselves to larger proteins.

a) b) c) d)

Haptens Antigenic determinants Pyrogens MHC proteins

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Lymphocytes are educated within primary lymphoid organs. B cells are educated in the _______, and T cells are educated in the _______. a) b) c) d)

bone marrow; thymus thymus; bone marrow bone marrow; bone marrow thymus; thymus

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Lymphocytes are educated within primary lymphoid organs. B cells are educated in the _______, and T cells are educated in the _______. a) b) c) d)

bone marrow; thymus thymus; bone marrow bone marrow; bone marrow thymus; thymus

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During clonal selection of B cells, those B cells with complementary membrane receptors to the invading antigen will differentiate into ________ cells. a) b) c) d)

humoral clonal plasma T cells

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During clonal selection of B cells, those B cells with complementary membrane receptors to the invading antigen will differentiate into ________ cells. a) b) c) d)

humoral clonal plasma T cells

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Which of the following is not an antigenpresenting cell?

a) b) c) d)

T lymphocyte Macrophage B lymphocyte Dendritic cell

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Which of the following is not an antigenpresenting cell?

a) b) c) d)

T lymphocyte Macrophage B lymphocyte Dendritic cell

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The basis of immunity is the presence of _______ cells.

a) b) c) d)

plasma memory clonal humoral

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The basis of immunity is the presence of _______ cells.

a) b) c) d)

plasma memory clonal humoral

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A patient has been immunized against chicken pox. What type of immunity is this?

a) b) c) d)

Naturally acquired passive Artificially acquired passive Naturally acquired active Artificially acquired active

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A patient has been immunized against chicken pox. What type of immunity is this?

a) b) c) d)

Naturally acquired passive Artificially acquired passive Naturally acquired active Artificially acquired active

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Of the following classes of antibodies, which can cross the placenta?

a) b) c) d)

IgG IgA IgM IgD

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Of the following classes of antibodies, which can cross the placenta?

a) b) c) d)

IgG IgA IgM IgD

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Which of the following best describes an antibody's mode of action?

a)

b) c) d)

Antibodies punch holes in bacterial cell membranes. Antibodies immobilize antigens and mark them for destruction. Antibodies bind to antigens and transport them to the liver for excretion. Antibodies secrete antiviral proteins.

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Which of the following best describes an antibody's mode of action?

a)

b) c) d)

Antibodies punch holes in bacterial cell membranes. Antibodies immobilize antigens and mark them for destruction. Antibodies bind to antigens and transport them to the liver for excretion. Antibodies secrete antiviral proteins.

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These cells are responsible for tissue graft rejection.

a) b) c) d)

Memory cells Regulatory cells Plasma cells Cytotoxic T cells

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These cells are responsible for tissue graft rejection.

a) b) c) d)

Memory cells Regulatory cells Plasma cells Cytotoxic T cells

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How are T cells "introduced" to antigens?

a) b) c) d)

T cells bind to and phagocytize antigens. Antibodies immobilize the antigens for T cell recognition and destruction. Antigen-presenting cells link antigenic peptides to MHC proteins to which T cells will attach. T cells wait in the blood until an antigen collides with them and binds to their TCR.

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How are T cells "introduced" to antigens?

a) b) c) d)

T cells bind to and phagocytize antigens. Antibodies immobilize the antigens for T cell recognition and destruction. Antigen-presenting cells link antigenic peptides to MHC proteins to which T cells will attach. T cells wait in the blood until an antigen collides with them and binds to their TCR.

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How is the cytotoxic T cell mechanism of action similar to that of complement?

a)

b) c) d)

Cytotoxic T cells activate B cells to produce antibodies. Cytotoxic T cells induce cell lysis with perforin, a protein similar to complement's MAC. Cytotoxic T cells secrete the proteins that activate complement. Cytotoxic T cells are antigen-presenting cells similar to the complement proteins found on B cells.

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How is the cytotoxic T cell mechanism of action similar to that of complement?

a)

b) c) d)

Cytotoxic T cells activate B cells to produce antibodies. Cytotoxic T cells induce cell lysis with perforin, a protein similar to complement's MAC. Cytotoxic T cells secrete the proteins that activate complement. Cytotoxic T cells are antigen-presenting cells similar to the complement proteins found on B cells.

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Which type of graft is between individuals of the same species?

a) b) c) d)

Autograft Xenograft Isograft Allograft

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Which type of graft is between individuals of the same species?

a) b) c) d)

Autograft Xenograft Isograft Allograft

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When antibodies develop against a person's own cells, this is an example of a(n) ________.

a) b) c) d)

delayed hypersensitivity immediate hypersensitivity allergy autoimmune disease

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When antibodies develop against a person's own cells, this is an example of a(n) ________.

a) b) c) d)

delayed hypersensitivity immediate hypersensitivity allergy autoimmune disease

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HIV targets _______ cells, which are also termed _______.

a) b) c) d)

CD4, helper T cells CD4, cytotoxic T cells CD8, helper T cells CD8, cytotoxic T cells

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HIV targets _______ cells, which are also termed _______.

a) b) c) d)

CD4, helper T cells CD4, cytotoxic T cells CD8, helper T cells CD8, cytotoxic T cells

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Which type of hypersensitivity would result if a person received a mismatched blood transfusion?

a) b) c) d)

Subacute Cytotoxic Immune-complex Delayed

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Which type of hypersensitivity would result if a person received a mismatched blood transfusion?

a) b) c) d)

Subacute Cytotoxic Immune-complex Delayed

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