Chapter 7 nationalism and sectionalism
Short Description
Download Chapter 7 nationalism and sectionalism...
Description
CHAPTER 7 NATIONALISM AND SECTIONALISM Section 1: Industry and Transportation
OBJECTIVES Summarize the key developments in the
transportation revolution of the early 1800s Analyze the rise of industry in the United States in
the early 1800s Describe some of the leading inventions and
industrial developments in the early 1800s
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION New methods of transportation and
manufacturing goods changed the way people lived and worked US set on a course of industrialization
TRANSPORTATION REVOLUTION Original 13 states along Atlantic coast Major settlements along harbors/rivers Easier to transportation
19th century Transportation carts, wagons, sleighs, stagecoaches pulled by horses or oxen on
dirt roads
IMPROVING THE ROADS Turnpikes Roads for which users had to pay a toll Toll income meant to be used to pay for new roads Very few turnpikes actually made money Most failed to lower transportation costs or increase the speed of travel
National Road Country’s lone decent route made of crushed rock Extended from Maryland to the Ohio River in 1818
STEAMBOAT GOES COMMERCIAL Steamboat 1st major major advancement in transportation Robert Fulton, the Clermont Steamboat made travel easier to travel upstream against a current Used to take 4 months to travel 1,440 miles from New Orleans to Louisville, KY along MS
and OH Rivers steamboat made it in 20 days (1820) 6 days (1838) Revolutionized transatlantic travel 1850, steamship crossed Atlantic in 10-14 days, compared to 25-50 days for a sailing
ship
CANALS BOOM Canals 2nd transportation advance of the early 1800s Nations canal network grew from 100 miles in 1816 to 3,300 miles in 1840 Provided efficient water transportation that linked farms to the expanding
cities
Eerie Canal Best known canal of the era Completed in 1825
Ran 363 miles across NY state from Lake Eerie to the Hudson River Before the canal it could cost $100 to ship a ton of freight overland from the
Buffalo City to NYC The canal lowered that cost to $4
Eerie Canal helped make NYC the nation’s greatest commercial center City grew Canal also enhanced the value of farmland in the Great Lakes Region
RAILROADS FURTHER EASE TRANSPORT Railroads Most dramatic advance in the 1800s Technology mostly developed in Great
Britain Used horses first, then developed steam powered engines Cost less to build than canals and could scale hills easier Trains moved faster than ships and carried more weight Ex. a journey from NYC to Detroit, MI took
28 days by boat in 1800, but in 1857 the same trip took 2 days by train
CHECKPOINT What were the major developments in transportation between 1800
and 1860 WRITE IT DOWN IN YOUR NOTES
HOMEWORK For homework, students will make a chart
titled “Transportation and Industry” and they will list the causes and effects of each new transportation improvement from 18001860.
TECHNOLOGY SPARKS INDUSTRIAL GROWTH Industrial Revolution Began in Great Britain in 1700s Machines that were powered by
steam or flowing rivers to perform work originally done by hand
Slater Samuel Slater, skilled worker
built nation’s 1st water-powered textile mill in 1793 in Pawtucket, RI “Father of the Industrial
Revolution” Later built more factories
family system
MASSACHUSETTS INDUSTRY Francis Cabot Lowell 1811, toured England’s factory towns After tour, he was able to organize a company Boston
Associates 1813, Associates built their first mill in Waltham, MA (cloth
manufacturer) 1820s, built more factories on Merrimac River and established a
new town called Lowell
“Lowell girls” Young, unmarried girls recruited from neighboring farms After a few years, mist of the young girls left, got married, and
had kids
FACTORY WORK CHANGES LIVES Machines increased the speed of work and divided
labor into many small tasks done by separate workers Process reduced the amount of skill needed and training required
Factory owners can save money Machines only make cloth or thread as opposed to final product Checkpoint: What changes occurred in the United States with the rise of industry
in the early 1800s Increased the speed and volume of the production of goods such
as cloth and shoes. It also reduced the amount of skill and training needed for workers who made those goods. Factories in cities grew because of the rise in industry.
INVENTIONS TRANSFORM INDUSTRY & AGRICULTURE Interchangeable parts Helped make factories more efficient Eli Whitney introduced the idea Stop assembling weapons one at a time manufacture each individual part
Innovation quickens communication 1837, Samuel F.B. Morse invented the electric telegraph allowed electrical
pulses to travel long distances along metal wires as coded signals MORSE CODE
Agriculture Remained the largest industry despite new innovations Only helped farms become more productive and being able to raise larger crops 1815, sold only 1/3 of harvest 1840, steel plow by John Deere and mechanical reaper by Cyrus McCormick 1860, the previous share doubled (partly because of greater fertility of Midwest
soil)
QUESTION What were the key inventions between
1820 and 1860? The system of interchangeable parts, the sewing
machine, the telegraph, the plow, and the reaper
View more...
Comments