Chapter 9 – Vocab

Modern World History – Chapter Study Guide Chapter 9 – The Industrial Revolution, 1700 -1900 9.1 – The Beginnings of Industrialization P Explain the beginnings of industrialization in Britain. P Describe key inventions that furthered the Industrial Revolution. P Identify transportation improvements. P Trace the impact of railroads on British industry. 1. Agricultural Revolution# 2. Industrial Revolution 3. textiles 4. enclosures 5. Jethro Tull/seed drill 6. crop rotation 7. three-field system 8. Robert Bakewell 9. Industrialization 10. factors of production 11. capital 12. John Kay/flying shuttle 13. James Hargreaves/spinning jenny 14. Richard Arkwright/water frame 15. Samuel Crompton/spinning mule 16. Edmund Cartwright/power loom

17. factories 18. Eli Whitney/cotton gin 19. steam engine 20. James Watt 21. Matthew Boulton 22. entrepreneur 23. Robert Fulton 24. Clermont 25. canals 26. John McAdam 27. turpike/tollgates 28. Richard Trevithick 29. steam-driven locomotive 30. George Stephenson 31. Rocket 32. four major effects of railroads*

9.2 – Industrialization (Case Study: Manchester) P Describe the social and economic effects of industrialization. P Examine growing tensions between the middle and working classes. P Identify positive effects of the Industrial Revolution. P Describe Manchester as an industrial city. 33. problems caused by the industrial revolution* 34. urbanization 35. cholera 36. living conditions* 37. Elizabeth Gaskell/Mary Barton 38. working conditions* 39. middle class 40. upper middle class vs. lower middle class

41. standard of living# 42. working class 43. Luddites 44. positive effects of industrialization* 45. Machester 46. Liverpool 47. Factory Act (1819) 48. sweatshops#

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* concepts # terms not in the book; will be discussed in class

9.3 – Industrialization Spreads P Describe industrialization in the United States and Europe. P Identify the effects of industrialization on the rest of the world. 49. Samuel Slater 50. Moses Brown 51. Francis Cabot Lowell 52. mill girls 53. technological boom 54. stock/shares 55. coporation 56. stockholders 57. Standard Oil/John D. Rockefeller

58. Carnegie Steel Corporation/Andrew Carnegie 59. big business 60. the “British miracle” 61. William Cockerill 62. Ruhr Valley 63. Mitsubishi (Global Impact) 64. wealth gap 65. imperialism 66. cycle of industrialization

9.4 – Reforming the Industrial World P Identify the thinkers and ideas that supported industrialization. P Explain the origins and main concepts of socialism and Marxism. P Examine unionization and legislative reform. P Describe other reform movements of the 1800s. 67. laissez faire 68. free trade 69. Adam Smith/The Wealth of Nations 70. law of self-interest 71. law of competition 72. law of supply and demand 73. capitalism 74. Thomas Malthus 75. David Ricardo 76. Jeremy Bentham 77. utilitarianism 78. utility 79. John Stuart Mill 80. Robert Owen 81. New Harmony, Indiana 82. utopia 83. socialism 84. Karl Marx 85. Marxism 86. Friederich Engels 87. The Communist Manifesto 88. bourgeoisie (“haves”) 89. proletariat (“have-nots”) 90. capitalism vs. socialism (Analyzing Key Concepts)

91. pure communism 92. means of production 93. unions 94. collective bargaining 95. strike 96. Combination Acts

97. American Federation of Labor 98. Factory Act (1833) 99. Mines Act 100. Ten Hours Act (1847) 101. National Child Labor Committee 102. William Wilberforce 103. International Council for Women 104. Horace Mann 105. Alexis de Tocqueville on prisons 106. Jane Addams 107. Ellen Starr 108. Hull House

* concepts # terms not in the book; will be discussed in class