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Table of Contents Volume 84 : 2000 January 2000 • Volume 83 • Number 1 1. The Academy of Prosthodontics—Founded in 1918

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2. American Prosthodontic Society—Founded in 1928 5 3. Pacific Coast Society of Prosthodontists 8 4. Editorial: Evidence-based Dentistry Article Series This article is part of the Evidence-Based Dentistry Series 11 5. User’s guides to the dental literature: How to get started Alan B. Carr, DDS, MS, Glen P. McGivney, DDS This article is part of the Evidence-Based Dentistry Series. 13 6. Ear symptomatology and occlusal factors: A clinical report Andréa Cândido dos Reis, DDS, Takami Hirono Hotta, DDS, MS, Rosângela Rodrigues Ferreira-Jerônymo, BS, Cláudia Maria de Felício, MS, PhD, Ricardo Faria Ribeiro, DDS, PhD Sao Paulo, Brazil This patient treatment attempts to determine whether the occlusal alterations in the patient’s existing dentures were causing temporomandibular dysfunction and ear symptoms. GPM 21 7. Influence of dietary simulating solvents on the viscoelasticity of temporary soft lining materials Nicholas J. A. Jepson, BDS, PhD, Joseph T. McGill, BDS, MSc, John F. McCabe, BSc, PhD, DSc Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom The authors have demonstrated the viability of using simulated dietary solvents to test the potential clinical serviceability of viscoelastic impression and soft lining materials over time. BRL 25 8. Clinical performance and periodontal outcome of temporary crowns and fixed partial dentures: A randomized clinical trial Ralph Gunnar Luthardt, Dr med dent, Mandy Stößel, Dr med dent, Monika Hinz, Dr med dent, Rüdiger Vollandt, Dr rer nat Dresden and Jena, Germany This prospective clinical trial compares 4 provisional crown materials relative to handling, plaque adherence, gingival response, and color

stability. The mechanical and retentive properties demonstrated a high level of clinical reliability, but plaque adherence was significantly increased when compared with nonrestored controls. DAF 32 9. Determination of the minimum number of marginal gap measurements required for practical in vitro testing Martin Groten, DMD, Detlef Axmann, Dr rer nat, Lothar Pröbster, DMD, PhD, Heiner Weber, DMD, PhD Tübingen, Germany The authors compared various methods of measuring marginal gaps to determine an optimal measurement method. GPM 40 10. Shear bond strengths of polymethyl methacrylate to cast titanium and cobalt-chromium frameworks using five metal primers Chikahiro Ohkubo, DMD, PhD, Ikuya Watanabe, DDS, PhD, Toshio Hosoi, DDS, PhD, Toru Okabe, PhD Dallas, Texas This study found that application of any 1 of the 5 primers tested, regardless of the brand used, significantly improved the shear bond strengths of the denture base resin to any of the cast metals tested. GPM 50 11. Need for evidence-based practice in prosthodontics James D. Anderson, DDS, MScD Toronto, Canada The author presents an informative literature review and critique on the comparison of the current clinical diagnostic approach to patient treatment versus the evidence-based approach. GPM 58 12. Quantification and validation of predictive values of occlusal variables in temporomandibular disorders using a multifactorial analysis Andrew G. Pullinger, DDS, MSc, Donald A. Seligman, DDS Los Angeles, Calif. One implication of this study that attempted to estimate the use of occlusal variables to differentiate TMD patients from asymptomatic normal adults was that a comprehensive work-up of all TMD patients may be required to produce a diagnosis. GPM 66 13. Analysis of occlusal variables, dental attrition, and age for distinguishing healthy controls from female patients with intracapsular temporomandibular disorders Donald A. Seligman, DDS, Andrew G. Pullinger, DDS, MSc Los Angeles, Calif. In this study, the authors attempted to determine occlusal and attrition factors plus age that would characterize asymptomatic normal subjects from TMD patients with intracapsular disorders. GPM 76

14. Reliability, validity and utility of various occlusal measurement methods and techniques Kazuyoshi Baba, DDS, PhD, Yoshihiro Tsukiyama, DDS, PhD, Glenn T. Clark, DDS, MS Tokyo and Fukuoka, Japan, and Los Angeles, Calif. The authors review the literature regarding the reliability, validity, and clinical utility of technological devices and instrumentation for the assessment of clinical occlusal patterns. GPM 83 15. Use of palatal lift and palatal augmentation prostheses to improve dysarthria in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: A case series Salvatore J. Esposito, DMD, Hiroshi Mitsumoto, MD, Megan Shanks, MD Cleveland, Ohio The authors present a detailed literature review on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, in addition to a retrospective study of 25 patients. GPM 90 16. Speech-aid prostheses for neurogenic velopharyngeal incompetence Arie Shifman, DMD, Yehuda Finkelstein, MD, Ariela Nachmani, MA, Dov Ophir, MD Tel-Hashomer, Kfar Saba, and Tel Aviv, Israel The use of nasopharyngeal obturation instead of palatal elevation for the management of velopharyngeal incompetence is presented in this article. GPM 99 17. Implant position record and implant position cast: Minimizing errors, procedures and patient visits in the fabrication of the milled-bar prosthesis Kenneth S. Hebel, BSc, DDS, MS, Daniel Galindo, DDS, Reena C. Gajjar, DDS Rochester, N.Y. This seemingly long procedure may actually save a considerable amount of chair time in fabricating an accurate milled-bar implant-supported mandibular prosthesis, with the bonus of tremendous resistance to rotational and lateral forces and dislodgment. KDR 107 18. Simplified method for making a soft tissue mask for a working cast Nopsaran Chaimattayompol, DDS Boston, Mass. 117 19. Fabrication of a radiation bolus prosthesis for the maxillectomy patient Mary Elizabeth Brosky, DMD, Chung Lee, MD, Timothy Scott Bartlett, DDS, LT, DC, USNR, Simon Lo, MD Minneapolis, Minn. A simple and efficient method of fabricating a tissue bolus prosthesis is described in this article. GPM 119

February 2000 • Volume 83 • Number 2 20. American Academy of Fixed Prosthodontics—Founded in 1952 127 21. American Academy of Restorative Dentistry—Founded in 1921 130 22. Greater New York Academy of Prosthodontics—Founded in 1954 133 23. Hierarchy of research design used to categorize the “strength of evidence” in answering clinical dental questions Rhonda F. Jacob, DDS, MS, Alan B. Carr, DDS, MS

This article is part of the Evidence-Based Dentistry Series 137 24. Autogenous and allogenous bone grafting techniques to maximize esthetics: A clinical report Abdel Salam El-Askary, BDS, D. J. Pipco, DMD, MDS Alexandria, Egypt

Maximizing esthetics with autogenous and allogenous bone grafting is shown in this clinical report of 3 patients. GPM 153 25. Mandibular centricity: Centric relation Curtis M. Becker, DDS, MSD, David A. Kaiser, DDS, MSD, Conrad Schwalm, DDS, MSD, Denver Colo., and San Antonio, Texas

A brief, incisive, historical review of mandibular centricity resolves some of the confusion indigenous to the term centric relation. WFPM 158 26. Accuracy of three polyvinyl siloxane putty-wash impression techniques Joseph Nissan, DMD, Ben-Zion Laufer, DMD, MSD, Tamar Brosh, PhD, David Assif, DMD Tel Aviv, Israel

The authors evaluated 3 putty-wash techniques to produce gypsum master casts of 3 complete crown preparations to determine which technique was most accurate. GPM 161 27. Color stability of new-generation indirect resins for prosthodontic application R. Duane Douglas, DMD, MS Alton, Ill.

The results of this study demonstrated that new-generation indirect resin systems exhibited acceptable color stability; Artglass and Zeta indirect resins were the most color stable. CAL 166 28. Fracture load and mode of failure of ceramic veneers with different preparations

Jacopo Castelnuovo, DDS, MSD, Anthony H. L. Tjan, Dr Dent, DDS, PhD, Keith Phillips, DMD, MSD, Jack I. Nicholls, PhD, John C. Kois, DMD, MSD Seattle, Wash.

An instructive, helpful study confirmed the durability of ceramic veneers with incisal butt-joint tooth preparations. Refinements in adhesive dentistry and improvements in tooth preparations will result in more predictable restorations. WFPM 171 29. Resin shear bond strength to porcelain and a base metal alloy using two polymerization schemes Ibrahim Fevzi Tulunoglu, DDS, MS, PhD, Bedri Beydemir, DDS, MS, PhD Ankara, Turkey

The authors evaluated the shear bond strength to metal and porcelain for 4 systems. GPM 181 30. Evaluation of the dimensional changes and surface roughness of gold crowns cast with rapidly prepared phosphate-bonded investment: A pilot study Ronald B. Blackman, DDS, MSD San Antonio, Texas

In this pilot study, the author discusses the reduction of time involved with the fabrication of castings, provided the clinical suitability of the castings is not compromised. GPM 187 31. Microleakage of compomer Class V restorations: Effect of load cycling, thermal cycling, and cavity shape differences Samer Hakimeh, DMD, Jayalakshmi Vaidyanathan, PhD, Milton L. Houpt, DDS, PhD, Tritala K. Vaidyanathan, PhD, Stanley Von Hagen, PhD Newark, N.J.

This in vitro study evaluated the effect of thermocycling, occlusal load cycling, and limited cavity preparation on the microleakage of compomer Class V restorations. Class V restorations demonstrated increased microleakage when subjected to thermal cycling and with a nonretentive cavity design. MDJ 194 32. Fracture toughness of resin-based luting cements Lisa A. Knobloch, DDS, MS, Ronald E. Kerby, DMD, Robert Seghi, DDS, MS, Jeffrey S. Berlin, Jeffrey S. Lee Columbus, Ohio

Results of this study indicated that resin-modified glass ionomer cements showed improved fracture toughness compared with the conventional glass ionomers. However, they were still inferior to Enforce and C & B Metabond composite cements. MDJ 204

33. Shear bond strength of resin luting cement to glass-infiltrated porous aluminum oxide cores Deniz Sen, DDS, PhD, Erdal Poyrazoglu, DDS, PhD, Betül Tuncelli, DDS, PhD, Gültekin Göller, DDS, PhD Istanbul, Turkey

The authors demonstrated that blasting the surface of glass-infiltrated aluminum oxide ceramic (In-Ceram) with diamond particles resulted in reliable microretention for resin bonding. MDJ 210 34. Survival of In-Ceram crowns in a private practice: A prospective clinical trial Edward A. McLaren, DDS, Shane N. White, BDentSc, MS, MA, PhD Los Angeles, Calif.

The results of this prospective study indicate that In-Ceram crowns were only at slight risk to core fracture. GPM 216 35. Biocompatibility of dental casting alloys: A review John C. Wataha, DMD, PhD Augusta, Ga.

This article reviews the criteria and measures for biocompatibility of dental casting alloys. This information will be useful for practitioners in discussion with some patients about their concerns over health aspects associated with dental alloys. GPM223 36.

Overview of articulation prosthodontic patient

materials

and

methods

for

the

Donna L. Dixon, DMD, MA Birmingham, Ala.

This article reviews and describes the various methods and materials for recording centric relation of a prosthodontic patient. CAL 235 37.

Surgical guide for dental implant placement Curtis M. Becker, DDS, MSD, David A. Kaiser, DDS, MSD Denver, Colo. and San Antonio, Texas

This helpful article describes a disciplined approach for precise, predictable placement of dental implants. Open communication between the surgeon and restorative dentist ensures success. WFPM 248 38. Fabrication of a radiographic and surgical stent for implants with a vacuum former Yen-Chen Ku, DDS, Yu-Fu Shen, DDS Taoyuan, Taiwan Republic of China 252

March 2000 • Volume 83 • Number 3 39. Southeastern Academy of Prosthodontics—Founded in 1952 257 40. American Academy of Maxillofacial Prosthetics—Founded in 1953 260 41. American Equilibration Society—Founded in 1955

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42. Measurement in dentistry Alan B. Carr, DMD, MS, Glen P. McGivney, DDS

This article is part of the Evidence-Based Dentistry Series.

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43. Fixed partial dentures combining both resin-bonded and conventional retainers: A clinical report Nancy R. Chaffee, DDS, MS, Lyndon F. Cooper, DDS, PhD Chapel Hill, N.C.

The authors illustrate the use of combination fixed partial dentures in this clinical report. GPM 272 44. New impression system for ITI solid abutment cementable restoration David A. Kaiser, DDS, MSD, John D. Jones, DDS San Antonio, Texas 276

45. Impression procedure for a progressive sclerosis patient: A clinical report Supoj Dhanasomboon, DDS, MSc, Kiattisorn Kiatsiriroj, DDS Thailand

The authors use a modified impression procedure in the treatment of a dentulous microstomic progressive systemic sclerosis patient. KDR 279 46. Prosthetic rehabilitation after maxillectomy and temporalis flap reconstruction: A clinical report W. Stuart Dexter, DDS, Rhonda F. Jacob, DDS Kansas City, Mo. and Houston, Texas

This clinical report describes the treatment of a patient who was immediately reconstructed with a temporalis flap procedure to close a partial maxillectomy defect. GPM 283

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Tooth wear treated with direct composite restorations at an increased vertical dimension: Results at 30 months Kenneth W. Hemmings, BDS, MSc, Ulpee R. Darbar, BDS, MSc, Simon Vaughan, BSc London United, Kingdom

The 30-month results of a prospective clinical trial that uses direct composite restorations to treat localized anterior tooth wear are presented. GPM 287 48. Clinical evaluation of resin-bonded gold alloy veneers Harpal Chana, BDS, MSc, Martin Kelleher, BDS, MSc, Peter Briggs, BDS, MSc, MRD, Richard Hooper, PhD London United, Kingdom

The authors evaluated the clinical performance of resin-bonded castings, and found that the restorations had a survival probability of 89% at 60 months. CAL 294 49.

Dimensional accuracy of an epoxy resin die material using two setting methods Jacinthe M. Paquette, DDS, Tadanori Taniguchi, RDT, Shane N. White, BDentSc, MS, MA, PhD Los Angeles, Calif.

In this study, authors compared the dimensional accuracy of gypsum, resin-filled gypsum, and an epoxy resin die system at the recommended catalyst-to-base ratio of 1.17:1.0 and at 1.0:10. GPM 301 50.

Margin adaptation of indirect composite inlays fabricated on flexible dies Richard B. Price, BDS, DDS, MS, Jack D. Gerrow, DDS, MS, MEd Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada

The authors describe a flexible die technique for in-office fabrication of indirect composite inlays during 1 office appointment. To achieve a margin adaptation equivalent to inlays made on type IV stone dies poured in polyvinyl siloxane impressions, a material different from the impression material should be used for the die material. MDJ 306 51. Fit of titanium and a base metal alloy metal-ceramic crown Selçuk Oruç, DDS, PhD, Ýbrahim Tulunoglu, DDS, PhD Ankara, Turkey

This interesting investigation determined that the marginal fit of titanium and Remanium metal-ceramic crowns were similar and clinically acceptable. WFPM 314 52. Proximal plate in conventional circumferential cast clasp retention Yuuji Sato, DDS, PhD, Ryuji Hosokawa, DDS, PhD Hiroshima, Japan

The authors present an excellent explanation of the importance of guiding planes in relation to proximal plates and the path of insertion. KDR 319 53. Comparison impressions

of impression materials for direct multi-implant

Alvin G. Wee, BDS, MS Columbus, Ohio

This study evaluated the amount of torque required to rotate a direct implant impression coping in various impression materials, and also compared the accuracy of the solid implant casts produced from the impressions. CAL 323 54. Theoretical cantilever lengths versus clinical variables in fiftyfive clinical cases Mona E. McAlarney, D Eng, Sc, Dimitrios N. Stavropoulos, DDS, MS New York, N.Y.

The authors present the results of a study of cases that compare the proposed cantilever length relative to the defined “optimal” length in a conventional fixed detachable implant-supported restoration. GPM 332 55. Effects of abutment size and luting cement type on the uniaxial retention force of implant-supported crowns David A. Covey, DDS, MS, MS, Dennis K. Kent, DDS, Henry A. St. Germain, Jr, DMD, MSD, MEd, Sreenivas Koka, DDS, MS Lincoln, Neb.

The effect of cement type and abutment diameter for cemented implant restorations are examined with interesting results. TDT 344 56. Pilot study of conditioner/primer effects on resin-dentin bonding after provisional cement contamination using SEM, energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy, and bond strength evaluation measures Elisete Kazumi Watanabe, DDS, PhD, Hirofumi Yatani, DDS, PhD, Kunio Ishikawa, PhD, Kazuomi Suzuki, PhD, Atsushi Yamashita, DDS, PhD Okayama, Japan

The authors evaluated whether conditioning dentin could eliminate the inhibitory effect of adhesion between adhesive resin cement and dentin caused by remaining provisional cement on dentin. Practical methods of provisional cement remnant removal are presented. CAL 349 57. Comparative study of water sorption, solubility, and tensile bond strength of two soft lining materials Amany El-Hadary, BDS, MS, James L. Drummond, DDS, PhD Chicago, Ill.

This study, which compared the properties of 2 recently introduced lining materials, found that the Permasoft liner had higher solubility and sorption than the Luci-sof liner. However, the Luci-sof liner

demonstrated a higher bond strength than either processed Permasoft materials. GPM 356 58. Method for marginal measurements of restorations: Accessory device for Toolmakers microscope Ossamu Ushiwata, DDS, MS, João Vieira de Moraes, DDS, PhD São Paulo, Brazil

An innovative instrument is described for measurement of the fit of dental castings. This device allowed fixation of specimens on a Toolmakers microscope to standardize measurements with identical testing conditions. WFPM 362 59. New approach for making accurate cross sections of casts Michael G. Reeson, GCGI, Kevin J. Fairbrother, BChD, MDS Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom

The authors used 2 identical mandibular denture bases and the contours of 5 locations on the bases to demonstrate a procedure that allows reproducible cross sections of casts. GPM 367 60. Immediate maxillary denture base extension for posterior palatal seal Yuuji Sato, DDS, PhD, Ryuji Hosokawa, DDS, PhD, Kazuhiro Tsuga, DDS, PhD, Mitsuyoshi Yoshida, DDS, PhD Hiroshima, Japan

The authors describe a procedure for immediately adding a posterior palatal seal for a maxillary denture. CAL 371 61. Chairside fabrication of provisional prosthesis using impression copings Nopsaran Chaimattayompol, DDS Boston, Mass. 374

62. Fabricating a fit checker Ali Mirfazaelian, DDS, MSc Tehran, Iran 376

implant-supported

April 2000 • Volume 83 • Number 4 63. Canadian Academy of Restorative Dentistry and Prosthodontics— Founded in 1993 379 64. Carl O. Boucher Prosthodontic Conference-Founded in 1966 381 65. 66.

Northeastern Gnathological Society—Founded in 1967 383 How to evaluate a diagnostic test Steven E. Eckert, DDS, MS, Gary R. Goldstein, DDS, Sreenivas Koka, DDS, MS, PhD This article is part of the Evidence-Based Dentistry Series. 386

Original Articles TOP 67. Removable occlusal overlay splint in the management of tooth wear: A clinical report Sandra Sato, DDS, Takami Hirono Hotta, DDS, MS, Vinícius Pedrazzi, DDS, MS São Paulo, Brazil

Management of worn dentition is the problem that is discussed and treated in this clinical report. GPM 392 68. Clinical assessment of high-strength all-ceramic crowns Debra R. Haselton, DDS, Ana M. Diaz-Arnold, DDS, MS, Stephen L. Hillis, PhD Iowa City, Iowa

A well-conducted, informative investigation documents the durability and esthetics of In-Ceram all-ceramic crowns. Longitudinal studies are extremely helpful for the selection of the appropriate restoration for a specific clinical situation. WFPM 396 69. Soft tissue correction of a single-tooth pontic space: A comparative quantitative volume assessment Stephan P. Studer, DMD, Christian Lehner, DMD, Alfred Bucher, Dr sc nat, Peter Schärer, DMD, MS Zürich, Switzerland

In this prospective study that compared 2 soft tissue augmentation surgeries, the authors proved the projection Moiré method was applicable in assessing 3-dimensional volume changes of pontic spaces with a single-tooth width. GPM 402 70. Influence of ceramic and cement thickness on the masking of various types of opaque posts Alessandro Vichi, DDS, Marco Ferrari, MD, DDS, PhD, Carel Leon Davidson, PhD Siena, Italy; Boston, Mass.; and Amsterdam, The Netherlands

This in vitro study evaluated the influence of the color of 2 commercially available nonmetallic posts (carbon fiber and zirconia) and an

experimental esthetic post and examined the shade and thickness of luting cements on the esthetics of all-ceramic restorations. GPM 412 71.

Color and translucency of in vivo natural central incisors Akira Hasegawa, MS(Eng), PhD, Ikuo Ikeda, BS(Eng), Satoshi Kawaguchi, BS(Eng) Kasugai, Japan

The authors measured the color and translucency of individual teeth and shade tabs with a new color computer system. GPM 418 72. Treatment outcomes of fixed or removable implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla. Part I: Patients’ assessments Nicola U. Zitzmann, Dr med dent, Carlo P. Marinello, Dr med dent, MS Basel, Switzerland

In comparing patient satisfaction associated with maxillary fixed or removable implant-retained prostheses, the authors found improved patient satisfaction with every parameter studied. There was no difference between satisfaction with fixed or overdenture prostheses. DAF 424 73. Treatment outcomes of fixed or removable implant-supported prostheses in the edentulous maxilla. Part II: Clinical findings Nicola U. Zitzmann, Dr med dent, Carlo P. Marinello, Dr med dent, MS Basel, Switzerland

Clinical and radiographic parameters were evaluated in patients who were restored with implant-retained maxillary fixed and overdenture prostheses. No differences between the groups were noted, although marginal bone loss significantly increased over 30 months in both treatment groups. DAF 434 74. Altered sensation associated with implants in the anterior mandible: A prospective study Joanne N. Walton, DDS Vancouver, B.C., Canada

This retrospective study followed 75 patients before and after placement of anterior mandibular implants and made assessments on both ridge resorption and objective and subjective measures of sensation. GPM 443

75. Effect of an antirotation resistance form on screw loosening for single implant-supported crowns Hoda Aboyoussef, DMD, MS, Saul Weiner, DDS, David Ehrenberg, DDS Newark, N.J.

This in vitro investigation demonstrated that machined or man-made antirotation features in Estheticone and standard abutments increased the torque required for screw loosening and removal. DAF 450 76. Prosthetic alternative treatment for choanal atresia: A clinical report Alan J. Hickey, DMD, Thomas J. Vergo, DDS Boston, Mass.

The authors describe the treatment of an infant patient with choanal atresia. GPM 456 77. Effect of dentin desensitizers and cementing agents on retention of full crowns using standardized crown preparations Nantiya H. Yim, DDS, MS, Frederick A. Rueggeberg, DDS, MS, W. Frank Caughman, DMD, MEd, F. Michael Gardner, DDS, MA, David H. Pashley, DMD, PhD Augusta, Ga.

The effect of various dentin desensitizers and conventional cementing agents on the in vitro retentive strength of cast crowns was investigated in this study. One of the authors’ findings was retentive strength of crowns cemented to dentin pretreated with desensitizer was dependent on the selection of cementing agent and dentin desensitizer combination. MDJ 459 78.

Study of the physical properties of type IV gypsum, resincontaining, and epoxy die materials Philip Duke, DDS, MSD, B. Keith Moore, PhD, Steven P. Haug, DDS, MSD, Carl J. Andres, DDS, MSD Indianapolis, Ind.

One result of this study that evaluated 5 clinically relevant properties of 5 die materials was that epoxy resin die material was superior in abrasion resistance, detail reproduction, and transverse strength to all gypsum materials studied. GPM 466 79. Use of orthodontic expansion screw in fabricating section custom trays Ali Mirfazaelian, DDS, MSc Tehran, Iran 474

80. Fabrication and use of a metal reinforcing frame in a fractureprone mandibular complete denture William S. Jameson, DDS Tucson, Ariz.

The author presents a procedure for reinforcing mandibular complete dentures with a rigid internal horseshoe-shaped frame. GPM 476 81. Radiographic stent for a quick and precise bone height analysis Vincent Bennani, DDS, Daniel Serre, DDS Nice, France 480

82. Locking acrylic resin dental stent for image-guided surgery Michael R. Fenlon, BDentSc, MA, PhD, Andrzej S. Jusczyzck, Philip J. Edwards, MSc, Andrew P. King, PhD London, Great Britain

The authors describe a prosthodontic procedure that facilitates imageguided surgery of the head and neck. TDT 482 PDF

May 2000 • Volume 83 • Number 5 T OP

83. The Association of Prosthodontists of Canada—Founded in 1973 489

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The American Academy of Esthetic Dentistry—Founded in 1975 492 Evidence-Based Dentistry Series TOP 85. Evidence-based dentistry: Prognosis James D. Anderson, BSc, DDS, MScD, George A. Zarb, BChD, DDS, MSc, MS, FRCD(C) This article is part of the Evidence-Based Dentistry Series. 495

Original Articles TOP 86. Bleaching and temporomandibular disorder using a half tray design: A clinical report Fonda G. Robinson, DMD, Van B. Haywood, DMD Lexington, Ky., Augusta, Ga.

The authors describe the treatment of a patient who experienced recurrent temporomandibular joint pain while wearing a soft, customfitted bleaching tray. GPM 501 87. Etched porcelain veneer restoration of a primary tooth: A clinical report Galiatsatos A. Aristidis, DDS, Dr Dent Athens, Greece

The author presents a clinical report in which a primary canine was recontoured both incisally and interproximally with an etched porcelain veneer for an esthetic restoration. GPM 504 88. Prevention of tongue biting with a removable oral device: A clinical report Mark A. Pigno, DDS, Jeff J. Funk, BS, CDT San Antonio, Texas

Prosthetic management of a patient with a tongue biting problem is described in this clinical report. GPM 508 89. Metal reinforcement for implant-supported mandibular overdentures Antonio H.C. Rodrigues, MScD Minas, Brazil

The author describes 2 procedures of reinforcing implant-supported mandibular overdentures to overcome the problem of fracture. TDT 511

90. Controlled polymerization system for fabricating precise dentures Fumio Teraoka, DEng, Junzo Takahashi, DEng Osaka, Japan

This new polymerization system is a novel idea that has been worked through with a great amount of thought. The resin is polymerized with half of the flask holding the teeth at a different temperature than the half of the flask that holds the cast and no further external heat is applied. It is probably the best that can be done with the current materials, acrylic resin, and dental gypsum. KDR 514 91. Relationship between the standards of removable partial denture construction, clinical acceptability, and patient satisfaction Richard P. Frank, DDS, MSD, James S. Brudvik, DDS, Brian Leroux, PhD, Peter Milgrom, DDS, Natalie Hawkins, MS Seattle, Wash.

The authors provide an overview of the clinical quality of RPDs seen in a community and their meeting or not meeting the standards as defined in Principles, concepts, and practices in prosthodontics. GPM 521 92. Shade selection for resin-bonded fixed partial dentures Yuuji Sato, DDS, PhD, Takayasu Kubo, DDS, PhD Hiroshima, Japan 528

93. Long-term clinical results of galvano-ceramic and glass-ceramic individual crowns Heinz Erpenstein, MD, DDS, Raphael Borchard, DDS, Thomas Kerschbaum, DMD Münster, Germany

An expansive, longitudinal survey-study compared the fractures of galvano-ceramic and glass-ceramic (Dicor) individual artificial crowns over 11 years. Galvano-ceramic crowns recorded a superior survival rate, particularly with molars, but the metal-ceramic crowns have remained the standard for durability. WFPM 530 94. Marginal fit of metal ceramic restorations subjected to a standardized postsoldering technique Roberto Mejia, OD, S. M. Tobon, OD Medellín, Colombia

The authors investigated whether a standardized postsoldering technique would affect the marginal fit of a 3-unit high palladium alloy fixed partial denture. CAL 535

95. Influence of design and mode of loading on the fracture strength of all-ceramic resin-bonded fixed partial dentures: An in vitro study in a dual-axis chewing simulator Spiridon Oumvertos Koutayas, DDS, CDT, Matthias Kern, DMD, PhD, Franco Ferraresso, CDT, Jörg Rudolf Strub, DMD, PhD Freiburg and Kiel, Germany

This in vitro study of the influence of retainer design (1 or 2 retainers) and loading direction (45 or 0 degrees) on fracture strength of allceramic resin-bonded FPDs found that single-retainer design may offer promise under lower load conditions. GPM 540 96. Clinical anatomy and palpability of the inferior lateral pterygoid muscle Udo Stratmann, DDS, Kai Mokrys, DDS, Ulrich Meyer, DDS, MDS, Johannes Kleinheinz, DDS, MDS, Ulrich Joos, DDS, MDS, Dieter Dirksen, DDS, Friedhelm Bollmann, DDS, MDS Münster, Germany

The results of this study indicated that the ILP palpation technique should not be considered to be a reproducible clinical procedure because of high interindividual variability of examiners. GPM 548 97. Evaluation of impression accuracy for osseointegrated implant supported superstructures D. Herbst, BSc, BChD, MChD (Prost), J. C. Nel, BChD, MChD (Prost), H.DipDent, C. H. Driessen, BChD (Hons), MSc Odont, PhD, P. J. Becker, PhD Pretoria, South Africa

The authors evaluated 4 impression techniques in an attempt to achieve the most accurate implant positions on a working cast. GPM 555 98. In vitro comparison of master cast accuracy for single-tooth implant replacement Paolo Vigolo, DrOdont, MScD, Zeina Majzoub, DCD, DMD, MScD, Giampiero Cordioli, MD, DDS Padova, Italy

The authors suggest a method during the impression phase of single-tooth implant replacement that allows for a more accurate orientation of the implant replica in the laboratory master cast. GPM 562 99.

In vitro evaluation of the strength of the conical implant-toabutment joint in two commercially available implant systems Michael R. Norton, BDS Bedford, England

The author examined the first point of plastic deformation and the ultimate failure load for 2 conical implant systems. GPM 567

100. Physical properties of a silicone prosthetic elastomer stored in simulated skin secretions Gregory L. Polyzois, DDS, Dr Dent, MScD, Petroula A. Tarantili, Chem Eng, Dr Eng, Mary J. Frangou, DDS, Dr Dent, Andreas G. Andreopoulos, Chem Eng, Dr Eng Athens, Greece

The authors present a study of the effects of skin secretions on maxillofacial prostheses and report that simulated acidic perspiration improved the mechanical properties of the silicone specimens tested. GPM 572 101. Fabrication of a custom silicone tracheostomal prosthesis Kent T. Ochiai, DDS, Russell D. Nishimura, DDS, Eddie C. Sheh, DDS, Don Pedroche Los Angeles, Calif. 578

102. Creating a vertical stop for interocclusal records Yuuji Sato, DDS, PhD, Ryuji Hosokawa, DDS, PhD, Kazuhiro Tsuga, DDS, PhD, Takayasu Kubo, DDS, PhD Hiroshima, Japan

This article explains in detail how to prepare an occlusal stop on a distal abutment when making a fixed partial denture. The stop can eliminate the necessity for a conventional jaw relation record. KDR 582 103. Simplified procedure for replacement of retentive clips in a barretained implant overdenture Gavin Welsh, BDS, Vincent Bissell, BChD, PhD Edinburgh, U.K.

The authors present a straightforward method for replacing overdenture retentive components. TDT 586 104. Procedure for reducing the vertical height of a hollow box interim obturator Hassan M. Ziada, BDS, PhD, Sean O’Donovan Cork, Ireland 589

105. Immediate repair for a fractured anterior tooth in a removable prosthesis Casimir Leknius, DDS, MS, MA, MBA, Noel Moser, BS San Francisco, Calif. 590

June 2000 • Volume 83 • Number 6 106. Florida Prosthodontic Association—Founded in 1968 593 107. The Mexico City Prosthodontic Society—Founded in 1975 595 108. European Prosthodontic Association—Founded in 1977 597 109. How to evaluate an article about therapy Gary R. Goldstein, DDS, Jack D. Preston, DDS

This article is part of the Evidence-Based Dentistry Series. 599 Original Articles TOP 110. Management of extruded maxillary molars to accommodate a mandibular restoration: A clinical report Youn-Sic Chun, DDS, MSD, PhD, Joon Row, DDS, MSD, PhD, Sung-Jae Yang, DDS, Hyun-Suk Cha, DDS, Jung-Suk Han, DDS, MS, PhD Seoul, Korea

The treatment of posterior mandibular edentulous area with an extruded opposing maxillary segment is described. GPM 604 111. Distal extension mandibular removable partial denture connected to an anterior fixed implant-supported prosthesis: A clinical report Mario Pellecchia, DDS, Roberto Pellecchia, DDS, Shahram Emtiaz, DDS New York, N.Y.

An alternative treatment to replace implant-supported overdentures and fixed implant-supported prostheses with posterior cantilevers is presented. The procedure does not involve grafting, guided tissue regeneration, or multiple surgical procedures, and the distal extension bases are a bilateral removable partial denture stabilized by stress directors with springs. KDR 607 112. Combination intraoral and extraoral prosthesis used for rehabilitation of a patient treated for cancrum oris: A clinical report Leanne M. Sykes, BSc, BDS, MDent, Rashid M. Essop, BSc, BDS, MDent Johannesburg, South Africa

This clinical report describes a simple procedure to fabricate a replacement, resilient silicone bulb obturator for a patient treated for cancrum oris. The reduction of chair and laboratory time can be a significant consideration for a patient who has already had extensive surgical treatment. GPM 613

113. Residual dentin thickness in mandibular premolars prepared with Gates Glidden and ParaPost drills Raphael Pilo, DMD, Aviad Tamse, DMD Tel Aviv, Israel

An instructive, detalied article describes the need for perceptive preparation of post space for endodontically treated teeth. Minimal reduction of residual dentinal thickness for preservation of sound dentin was the clear message. WFPM 617 114. Retention designs

of a

core material supported by three post head

Brett I. Cohen, PhD, Mark K. Pagnillo, BS, Ira Newman, DDS, Barry Lee Musikant, DMD, Allan S. Deutsch, DMD S Hackensack, N.J.

The authors report the results of a study that measures force to failure for three post head designs with 2 core materials. GPM 624 115. In vitro comparison of fluoride release of six direct core materials Ramon I. Galvan, DDS, Francis J. Robertello, DMD, MS, MEd, Thomas A. Lynde, DDS, MS Richmond, Va. 629

116. Marginal fit of nickel-chromium copings before and after internal adjustments with duplicated stone dies and disclosing agent Ossamu Ushiwata, DDS, MS, João Vieira de Moraes, DDS, PhD, Marco Antonio Bottino, DDS, PhD, Eduardo Galera da Silva, DDS, MS São Paulo, Brazil

An instructional article emphasizes the need for duplicated stone dies, internal adjustments, and disclosing agents to reduce discrepancies in marginal fit of artificial crowns. Duplicated stone dies for preclinical adjustments reduce patient discomfort and preserve “chair time.” WFPM 634 117. Effects of surface treatments on shear bond strengths between a resin cement and an alumina core Mehdi Madani, BDS, MSc, Frederick C. S. Chu, BDS(Hons), MSc, Ailbhe V. McDonald, BDentSC, MSc, PhD, FDSRCS, Roger J. Smales, MDS, DDSc Hong Kong, and London, United Kingdom

The authors are convincing that adhesion of a resin cement containing a phosphate monomer to a high-strength aluminous core material may be improved by selecting the appropriate surface treatments. MDJ 644 118. Impression procedure for creating a partial auricular prosthesis Todd M. Kubon, BA, MAMS, Kenneth S. Kurtz, DDS, John D. Piro, DDS Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and Bronx and New York, N.Y.

This manuscript was the winner of the 1999 Judson C. Hickey Award in the Dental Technique category. The authors describe a creative procedure for fabricating a facial prosthesis. GPM 648

119. Replacement of an obturator section of an existing two-piece implant-retained edentulous obturator Denise MacCarthy, BDS, MA, MDent Sc, Niall Murphy, Dip Technol Dublin, Ireland

A simple procedure for replacing a silicone bulb obturator is described in this article. GPM 652 120. Clear acrylic resin device for orientation and placement of a small facial prosthesis Trakol Mekayarajjananonth, DDS, MS, Michael L. Huband, DDS, Luis R. Guerra, DDS, MS New Orleans, La.

The authors present a procedure for fabricating a device to aid in accurately positioning small facial prostheses. GPM 656 121. Hardness of celluloid strip-finished or polished composite surfaces with time Sung-Ho Park, DDS, PhD, Ivo Krejci, DDS, PhD, Felix Lutz, DDS, PhD Seoul, Korea

The results of this study revealed that the celluloid strip finish exhibited lower hardness early, but the same hardness as the polished surface at 6 days. GPM 660 121. Effect of surface roughness of porcelain on adhesion of bacteria and their synthesizing glucans Keiji Kawai, DDS, PhD, Masaaki Urano, DDS, Shigeyuki Ebisu, DDS, PhD Osaka, Japan

In this study, the authors evaluate the biocompatibility of glazed dental porcelain. GPM 664 121. In vitro dentinal surface reaction of 9.5% buffered hydrofluoric acid in repair of ceramic restorations: A scanning electron microscopic investigation Susanne Szep, Dr med dent, Thomas Gerhardt, Dr med dent, Hans-Werner Gockel, Dr med dent, Manfred Ruppel, Ditmar Metzeltin, Detlef Heidemann, Dr med dent habil Frankfurt, Germany

A perceptive, practical article reviewed the potential intraoral reaction of 9.5% buffered hydrofluoric acid during repair of ceramic restorations. Application of hydrofluoric acid provided a dentinal surface with an amorphous precipitate of fluoride, which could be critical for bonding and resistance to a dental caries. Hydrofluoric acid should be avoided with exposure of dentin. WFPM 668 122. Evaluation of dental erosion in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease Belinda L. Gregory-Head, BDS, MS, Donald A. Curtis, DMD, Lawrence Kim, MD, John Cello, MD

San Francisco, Calif.

The authors evaluated the association between loss of tooth structure due to dental erosion and gastroesophageal reflux disease. CAL 675 123. Accurate procedure for simultaneous registration of gingival emergence profile and maximal intercuspal position for metal ceramic restorations Francis F. Tung, DMD, MPH, Nousha Nourbakhsh, DMD, Changhwan Bahn, DDS New York, N.Y.

This procedure is an accurate and reliable method for simultaneously recording the maximal intercuspal position and gingival emergence profile. The amount of chair time spend adjusting restorations is minimized and the metal ceramic restorations produced are in harmony with the contiguous soft tissues. KDR 681 124. Simplified technique for refabrication of cast posts and cores Sahar A. Sabbak, BDS, MSc Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Recording contours of an existing cast post and core that needs to be refabricated is described in this procedure. GPM 686 125. Simple procedure for mouth guard identification for school-aged children Michael G. Reeson, GCGI, Nicholas J. A. Jepson, BDS, PhD Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom 688

126. Method to contour the intaglio surface of an immediate denture when using a chairside soft reline procedure after tooth extraction William C. Elton, DDS Fort Lewis, Wash. 690

127. Inversion of gloves to prevent contamination Stephen M. Keesee, DDS, Stephen M. Cameron, DDS, Kevin D. Plummer, DDS Fort Gordon, Ga. 691

July 2000 • Volume 84 • Number 1 128. In Memoriam—I. Kenneth Adisman, DDS, MS 1 129. Turkish Prosthodontics and Implantology Association— Founded 1976 2 130. The Israel Society of Oral Rehabilitation—Founded in 1968 5

-Based Dentistry Series TOP 131. How to evaluate a dental article about harm Rhonda F. Jacob, DDS, MS, Patrick M. Lloyd, DDS, MS

This article is part of the Evidence-Based Dentistry Series.

8

132. The overview: An article that interrogates the literature David A. Felton, DDS, MS, Brien R. Lang, DDS, MS

This article is part of the Evidence-Based Dentistry Series.

17

133. Magnetically connected removable sectional denture for a maxillary defect with severe undercut: A clinical report Hideo Matsumura, DDS, PhD, Koji Kawasaki, DDS, PhD Nagasaki, Japan

A 2-piece sectional removable partial denture was fabricated for a patient with a maxillary defect and severe undercut that conflicted with the path of insertion and 22 134. Dimensional accuracy of castings produced with ringless and metal ring investment systems Pelopidas Lombardas, DDS, MS, Andres Carbunaru, DDS, MS, Mona E. McAlarney, D Eng Sc, R. W. Toothaker, DDS New York, N.Y.

The results of this pilot study indicated that the ringless technique was clinically acceptable and can be used for the fabrication of fixed restoratins. GPM 27 135. Effect of ring liner and casting ring temperature on the dimension of cast posts Rafael Del Castillo, DDS, Carlo Ercoli, DDS, Gerald N. Graser, DDS, MS, Ross H. Tallents, DDS, Mark E. Moss, DDS, PhD Rochester, N.Y.

The authors demonstrate a significant increase in strength (2X) of provisional resin restoration when cured at elevated temperature of 600°C, up to 800°C. MDJ 32

136. Torsional resistance of crowns cemented to composite cores involving three stainless steel endodontic post designs Brett I. Cohen, PhD, Bapanaiah Penugonda, BDS, MS, Mark K. Pagnillo, BS, Allan Schulman, DDS, MS, Eugene Hittelman, EdD South Hackensack, N.J.

This in vitro study tested and compared the effects of 3 post designs combined with a titanium-reinforced composite core and an artificial crown. GPM 38 137. Changes in the edentulous maxilla in persons wearing implantretained mandibular overdentures Timo O. Narhi, DDS, PhD, Marielle E. Geertman, DDS, PhD, Miluska Hevinga, DDS, Hanan Abdo, BDS, Warner Kalk, DDS, PhD Turku, Finland, and Nijmegen and Groningen, The Netherlands

The authors present information on longitudinal change of edentulous maxillary ridge width in complete denture patients who wear either conventional or implant-retained overdentures. GPM 43 138. Clinical evaluation of single-tooth mini-implant restorations: A five-year retrospective study Paolo Vigolo, Dr Odont, MScD, Andrea Givani, MD, DDS Vicenza, Italy

The results of a 5-year retrospective evaluation of 52 reduced diameter (2.9 mm) implants is presented. The results are encouraging. TDT 50 139. Bilaminar dual-purpose stent for placement of dental implants Murat C. Çehreli, DDS, Yavuz Aslan, DDS, PhD, Saime Sahin, DDS, PhD Ankara, Turkey

The authors describe a somewhat complex method for fabricating a precise radiographic and surgical guide for implant placement in the posterior maxilla. TDT 55 140. Annual Review of Selected Dental Literature: Report of the Committee on Scientific Investigation of the American Academy of Restorative Dentistry Edward P. Allen, DDS, PhD, Stephen C. Bayne, MS, PhD, Irwin M. Becker, DDS, Terence E. Donovan, DDS, Wyatt R. Hume, DDS, BDS, PhD, John C. Kois, DMD, MSD 59

141. Wear and surface roughness of current prosthetic composites after toothbrush/dentifrice abrasion Naomi Tanoue, DDS, PhD, Hideo Matsumura, DDS, PhD, Mitsuru Atsuta, DDS, PhD Nagasaki, Japan

This study was the award winner of the 1999 Judson C. Hickey Award in the Research and Clinical Sciences category. GPM 93

142. Effect of surface treatments on the wettability of vinyl poly siloxane impression materials Robert S. Kess, BA, Edward C. Combe, PhD, DSc, Brandon S. Sparks, MS Minneapolis, Minn.

The results of this study suggest that disinfection of PVS materials in some situations reduces the wettability of impression materials, but application of a surfactant after disinfection can improve wettability. GPM 98 143. Quantiative sensory nerve conduction threshold (sNCT) evaluation of the trigeminal nerve at the mental foramen area Todd H. Lerner, DDS, Gary R. Goldstein, DDS, Eugene Hittelman, EdD New York, N.Y.

The authors report the intensity of electronic threshold stimulation in 34 healthy subjects. GPM 103 144. Prefabricated acrylic resin bars for splinting implant transfer copings Herman B. Dumbrigue, DDM, Dincer C. Gurun, DMD, Nikzad S. Javid, DMD, MS, MEd Gainesville, Fla.

A procedure to splint impression copings together in preparation for the final impression is presented. This procedure uses custommade prefabricated resin to reduce the potential for shrinkageinduced inaccuracy. TDT 108 145. Simple method of boxing a final impression John R. Ivanhoe, DDS, Gordon K. Mahanna, DDS

111

146. Reinforcement of facial prosthetic dental stone molds Marty G. Moon, DDS, Joseph H. Gettys, DT3 Bethesda, Md. 113

August 2000 • Volume 84 • Number 2 147. The British Society for the Study of Prosthetic Dentistry— Founded in 1953 123 148. Provisional gold-resin restoration executed through an indirectdirect procedure: A clinical report Sergio Caputi, MD, DDS, Tonino Traini, CDT-MDT, DDS, Elena Paciaffi, DDS, Giovanna Murmura, MD, DDS Chieti, Italy This clinical report describes the treatment of a patient with a procedure for resolving the structural strength problems of conventional acrylic resin prostheses. GPM 125 149. Tooth-supported telescopic prostheses in compromised dentitions: A clinical report Yair Langer, DMD, Anselm Langer, DMD Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, Israel This well-presented clinical report on the treatment of compromised denition with telescopic prosthesis reemphasizes the need for versatility. WFPM 129

150. Interdisciplinary treatment of severe maxillofacial trauma: A clinical report Dean Morton, BDS, MS, Kirk Fridrich, DDS, MS, Steven A. Aquilino, DDS, MS, Todd A. Fridrich, CDT Gainesville, Fla., and Iowa City, Iowa The treatment of a patient with severe maxillofacial trauma by an interdisciplinary team is described. GPM 133

151. Device for recording the path of insertion for removable partial dentures Osvaldo Luiz Bezzon, DDS, Ricardo Faria Ribeiro, DDS, Valeria Oliveira Pagnano, DDS Sao Paulo, Brazil The authors present a clever removable pin to record the path of insertion after the cast has been surveyed. KDR 136

152. Changes in marginal gap size of provisional resin crowns after occlusal loading and thermal cycling David S. Ehrenberg, DDS, MS, Saul Weiner, DDS Newark, N.J. This study evaluated marginal gaps and surface roughness of 3 autopolymerizing provisional resin crown materials after occlusal loading and thermal cycling. Significant differences among the resin materials are reported. GPM 139

153. Strengths of composite bonded to base metal alloy using dentin bonding systems James S. Knight, DDS, W. Dan Sneed, DMD, MAT, MHS, Michael C. Wilson Charleston, S.C. Composites have the potential to serve as bonded veneers on base metal alloy crowns using selected dentin bonding systems directly on the metal surface. MDJ 149 154. Computer modeling of occlusal surfaces of posterior teeth with the CICERO CAD/CAM system Lambert W. Olthoff, PhD, DDS, Jef M. van der Zel, PhD, William J. de Ruiter, Simon T. Vlaar, Frederik Bosman, PhD Hoorn, The Netherlands The authors provide a CAD/CAM method of modeling the occlusal surfaces of the mandibular first molar with various methods that should, in the future, provide a simplified method for fabricating crowns that would clinically require minimal adjustment of the occlusal surfaces. DAF 154 155. Clinical evaluation of allografts and homografts for restoration of missing tooth structure Alvaro Della Bona, DDS, M Med Sci, Noeli Boscato, DDS Gainesville, Fla. This article presents an interesting concept of restoring missing tooth structure. GPM 163 156. Effect of crown lengthening and ferrule placement on static load failure of cemented cast post-cores and crowns Anthony G. Gegauff, DMD, BCE, MSCE Columbus, Ohio This study examines fracture strength of tooth models that represent various types of crown restorations. CAL 169

157. Influence of post placement in the fracture resistance of endodontically treated incisors veneered with direct composite Luiz Narciso Baratieri, DDS, MS, PhD, Mauro Amaral Caldeira de Andrada, DDS, MS, PhD, Gilberto Müller Arcari, DDS, André V. Ritter, DDS, MS Florianópolis, Brazil, and Chapel Hill, N.C. The results of this in vitro study indicated that conservative preparation for direct veneers and subsequent veneering with composite did not significantly weaken endodontically treated maxillary central incisors, and the use of posts did not increase the resistance of these teeth to fracture. GPM 180 158. Effect of osseointegrated implants on the coordination of masticatory muscles: A pilot study Judith L. Gartner, D Odont, MMSc, Kazuhiko Mushimoto, DDS, PhD, Hans-Peter Weber, D Odont, DMD, Ichiro Nishimura, DDS, DMSc, DMD Boston, Mass, Osaka, Japan, and Los Angeles, Calif. The results of this pilot study suggest that there was no significant difference in masticatory muscle coordination patterns among subjects with and without implant prostheses. GPM 185 159. Effect of repeated closures on opening torque values in seven abutment-implant systems Ervin I. Weiss, DMD, Dan Kozak, DMD, Martin D. Gross, BDS, LDS, RCS (Eng), MSc Tel Aviv, Israel The authors report on the significance of repeated opening and closure of abutment screws and the consequences on torque retention of the abutment/implant complex. GPM 194 160. Fiber-reinforced composite framework for implant-supported overdentures Jacqueline P. Duncan, DMD, MDSc, Martin A. Freilich, DDS, Christopher J. Latvis, DDS, MDSc Farmington, Conn. The authors describe a procedure that uses fiber-reinforced resin technology as a replacement for metal in an implant-supported overdenture. GPM 200 161. Fabrication of a two-piece superstructure for a fixed detachable implant-supported mandibular complete denture William G. Golden, DDS, Alvin G. Wee, BDS, MS, Thomas L. Danos, DDS, MS, Ansgar C. Cheng, BDS, MS Columbus, Ohio

This procedure provides a method for fabricating a 2-piece fixed detachable prosthesis on malaligned implants, thereby eliminating unesthetic screw access opening locations. DAF 205 162. Guidelines for splinting implants Curtis M. Becker, DDS, MSD, David A. Kaiser, DDS, MSD, John D. Jones, DDS Denver, Colo., and San Antonio, Texas This informative article not only identifies problems associated with splinting dental implants, but it suggests guidelines for resolution. WFPM 210 163. Peri-implant skin graft for a craniofacial prosthesis George E. Anastassov, MD, DDS, Eric S. Asher, BA, MAMS Bronx, N.Y. 215 164. New method for the in vitro evaluation of dental alloy bonding systems Jose L. Padrós, MD, DDS, Eduardo Padrós, MD, DDS, Thomas P. Keogh, MD, DDS, Margarita Monterrubio, MD, DDS Barcelona, Spain The authors present a method for directly comparing the adhesive strength of 2 bonding systems. GPM 217 165. Effect of water temperature during polymerization on strength of autopolymerizing resin Takahiro Ogawa, DDS, PhD, Mutsuko Tanaka, DDS, Kiyoshi Koyano, DDS, PhD Fukuoba, Japan, and Los Angeles, Calif. The authors demonstrated a significant increase in strength (2X) of provisional resin restorations when these restorations were cured at elevated water temperatures of 60°C to 80°C. MDJ 222 166. Effectiveness of two devices designed to prevent fluid retraction in a high-speed handpiece Lucio Montebugnoli, MD, DDS, Giovanni Dolci, MD, DDS Bologna and Rome, Italy Dye influx into a high-speed handpiece was studied to determine the efficacy of 2 high-speed handpiece and dental unit operating systems. GPM 225

167. Cytotoxicity of dental alloys, metals, and ceramics assessed by Millipore filter, agar overlay, and MTT tests Göran Sjögren, LDS Dr Odont, Gaynour Sletten, BSc, cand scient, Jon E. Dahl, DDS, DSc, Dr Odont Haslum, Norway The authors present a thorough study about the cytotoxic parameters of dental materials and alloys. GPM 229 168. Modified custom tray Luca Ortensi, DDS, Maria Laura Strocchi, DDS Bologna, Italy A modified custom tray fabrication procedure that uses autopolymerizing acrylic resin is described in this article. GPM 237 169. Impression procedure for patients with severely limited mouth opening Philip S. Baker, DDS, Robert L. Brandt, DDS, MS, Gregory Boyajian, DDS Augusta, Ga., and Brisbane, Queensland, Australia This article describes a procedure for making an impression of a patient with limited mouth opening. GPM 241 170. Stabilization of measuring device during range of motion evaluation Fonda G. Robinson, DMD, Warren C. Rivera-Morales, DMD, MS Lexington, Ky., and Augusta, Ga. 245

September 2000 • Volume 84 • Number 3 171. Indian Prosthodontic Society—Founded in 1973 249 172. The Swiss Society for Prosthetic Dentistry—Founded in 1980 253 1999 Judson C. Hickey Scientific Writing Award TOP 173. Sectional collapsed denture for a partially edentulous patient with microstomia: A clinical report Yasunori Suzuki, DMD, PhD, Minoru Abe, DDS, PhD, Toshio Hosoi, DDS, PhD, Kenneth S. Kurtz, DDS Yokohama, Japan In this article, the 1999 Winner of the Judson C. Hickey Scientific Writing Competition, Clinical Report category, the authors describe an interesting and complex procedure for creating a section-al denture for a patient with microstomia. CAL 256 174. Trial anterior artificial tooth arrangement for an immediate denture patient: A clinical report Ashok Soni, DDS, MDS New York, N.Y. In this clinical report, the author describes a procedure that allows for the trial insertion of the replacement teeth for patients who require immediate dentures. CAL 260 175. Management of unfavorable implant placement: A clinical report Kitichai Rungcharassaeng, DDS, MS, Joseph Y. K. Kan, DDS, MS Loma Linda, Calif. The authors present a useful procedure that compensates for unfavorable implant position using a final impression made with tissue flap reflected, custom abutment fabrication and abutment, and final restoration placement at second-stage surgery. TDT 264 176. Prosthodontic management of limited oral access after ablative tumor surgery: A clinical report Ansgar C. Cheng, BDS, MS, Alvin G. Wee, BDS, MDS, Cho ShiuYin, MS, BDS, MDS, Li Tat-Keung, CDT Toronto, Ontario, Canada This clinical report details the treatment of a patient with severe trismus and reduced perimeter of the oral cavity. CAL 269

176. Corrosion-fatigue life of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6A14V alloys in different storage environments Ricardo A. Zavanelli, DDS, MS, Guilherme E. Pessanha Henriques, DDS, MS, PhD, Itamar Ferreira, ME, MS, PhD, João M. D. de Almeida Rollo, ME, MS, PhD São Paulo, Brazil This study compared and analyzed the corrosion-fatigue life of commercially pure titanium and Ti-6Al-4V alloys in different storage environments. GPM 274 177. Differences in bonding to acid-etched or Er:YAG-laser–treated enamel and dentin surfaces Arturo Martínez-Insua, MD, Luis da Silva Dominguez, MD, Francisco Guitián Rivera, PhD, Urbano A. Santana-Penín, MD Santiago de Compostela, Spain This study compared the tensile strengths of bracket-tooth bonds obtained after preparation of the surface for adhesion (dentin or enamel) by conventional acid etching or Er:YAG laser etching. GPM 280 178. Three-year clinical evaluation of direct and indirect composite restorations in posterior teeth Juergen Manhart, Dr med dent, Petra Neuerer, Dr med dent, Andrea Scheibenbogen-Fuchsbrunner, Dr med dent, Reinhard Hickel, Prof Dr med dent Munich, Germany The authors report on an excellent 3-year clinical study of posterior composite restorations placed either directly or indirectly in premolars and molars. The results are impressive and noteworthy. MDJ 289 179. Fracture resistance of Class II approximal slot restorations Sis Darendeliler Yaman, DDS, PhD, Mehmet Yetmez, MSc, Emin Türköz, DDS, PhD, Nuri Akkas, MSc, PhD Ankara, Turkey This in vitro investigation demonstrated that composite was superior to bonded amalgam in resisting marginal ridge fractures when placed in conservative Class II approximal slot preparations. DAF 297 180. Fracture resistance of posterior metal-free polymer crowns Peter Rammelsberg, Prof Dr med dent, Grit Eickemeyer, Dr med dent, Kurt Erdelt, Dipl-Ing, Peter Pospiech, Priv-Doz Dr med dent Munich, Germany

This innovative, perceptive study evaluated the fracture resistance of posterior metal-free composite crowns. Imaginative biomaterials, such as metal-free composite crowns, may represent restorative harbingers of the future. WFPM 303 181. Influence of metal surface finishing on porcelain porosity and beam failure loads at the metal-ceramic interface Theresa M. Hofstede, BSc, DDS, Carlo Ercoli, DDS, Gerald N. Graser, DDS, MS, Ross H. Tallents, DDS, Mark E. Moss, DDS, PhD, Domenick T. Zero, DDS, MS Rochester, N.Y. The authors attempted to determine whether the direction of metal finishing and sandblasting with aluminium oxide influences production of porosity in porcelain fused to metal at the metalceramic interface, and overall failure loads of porcelain-metal beams. GPM 309 182. Experimentally induced abutment strains in three types of singlemolar implant restorations Wook-Jin Seong, DDS, MS, Tom W. P. Korioth, B Od, Cir Dent, PhD, James S. Hodges, PhD Minneapolis, Minn. This in vitro study of strain on implant-supported molar crowns suggests that in the flat-top hex system, a single, wide diameter or 2 standard implants reduced experimental abutment strains better than a single standard implant. DAF 318 183. Effect of anchorage systems and extension base contact on load transfer with mandibular implant-retained overdentures Steven J. Sadowsky, DDS, Angelo A. Caputo, PhD Los Angeles, Calif. This photoelastic study evaluated the load transfer characteristics of 4 implant substructure designs with and without edentulous ridge contact. The contact of the extension base appears to be as important as the choice of anchorage system in load transfer. CAL 327 184. Effect of adhesive retention on maxillofacial prostheses. Part I: Skin dressings and solvent removers Sudarat Kiat-amnuay, DDS, MS, Lawrence Gettleman, DMD, MSD, Zafrulla Khan, DDS, MS, L. Jane Goldsmith, PhD Louisville, Ky. This study examined the maximum force required to remove silicone elastomer strips after various treatments. GPM 335

185. Custom retainer for the Blom-Singer adjustable tracheostoma valve Rick M. Smith, DDS, MS, Alan J. Sutton, DDS, MS, Nancy A. Hansen, BS Lackland Air Force Base, Texas A procedure for fabricating a custom retainer for the adjustable tracheostoma valve incorporates a polyurethane layer into the prosthesis to make the internal surface almost impervious to tissue fluids and adhesives. GPM 341 186. Use of an ultrahigh-speed laser scanner for constructing threedimensional shapes of dentition and occlusion Taiji Sohmura, D Eng, Tetsuya Kojima, DDS, PhD, Kazumichi Wakabayashi, DDS, PhD, Junzo Takahashi, D Eng Osaka, Japan The authors present an interesting emerging technology for digitizing dental casts. GPM 345 187. In vivo evaluation of the surface of posterior resin composite restorations: A pilot study Igor J. Pesun, DMD, MS, Anthony K. Olson, MS, James S. Hodges, PhD, Gary C. Anderson, DDS, MS Minneapolis, Minn. The changes in wear in the area where composite flashing exists were examined in this in vivo pilot study. CAL 353 188. In vitro and in vivo corrosion evaluation of nickel-chromium– and copper-aluminum–based alloys Oscar F. M. Benatti, DDS, PhD, Walter G. Miranda, Jr, DDS, PhD, Antonio Muench, DDS, PhD São Paulo, Brazil The corrosion release of nickel-chromium-and copper-aluminumbased alloys was evaluated in this study. GPM 360 189. Fabrication of an indirect-direct provisional fixed partial denture Vincent Bennani, DDS Nice, France This procedure for fabricating an indirect-direct fixed partial denture relies on the registration of the gingival margins during the impression and their preservation during laboratory procedures and tooth preparation. GPM 364 190. Overdenture abutments for fixed partial dentures Curtis M. Becker, DDS, MSD, David A. Kaiser, DDS, MSD San Antonio, Texas

The authors review clinical situations for using teeth to support fixed partial dentures. GPM 366 191. Simplified duplicating procedure for dental cases Trakol Mekayarajjananonth, DDS, MS, Michael L. Huband, DDS New Orleans, La. 370 192. Simple technique for making custom impression trays Casimir Leknius, DDS, MS, MA, MBA, Rae Henderson San Francisco, Calif. 371

November 2000 • Volume 84 • Number 5 193. The Korean Academy of Prosthodontics — founded in 1959 477 194. American Academy of Implant Prosthodontics — founded in 1982 481 TOP 195. News from The Editorial Council of The Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 484 196. Five-year follow-up of InCeram laminate restorations: A clinical report Murat C . Çehreli, DDS, Haldun plikçio lu, DDS, PhD Ankara, Turkey This clinical report describes the use of InCeram laminates to withstand the flexural effects of intraoral forces and to mask incisal discoloration. GPM 487 197. Direct tissue stops for distal extension removable partial dentures Russell A. Wicks, DDS, MS, Larry Powell, DDS Memphis, Tenn. The authors describe a procedure to adapt tissue stops in vivo and position the framework to the master cast when a corrected impression is used. GPM 490 198. Periodontal tissue responses after insertion of artificial crowns and fixed partial dentures Kent L. Knoernschild, DMD, MS, Stephen D. Campbell, DDS, MMSc Chicago, Ill. An extremely perceptive, informative article that describes the variable tissue responses to artificial crowns and FPDs documented in the dental literature. Crowns with notable exceptions of FPDs are indicated for compromised teeth, so initial periodontal probing depths are essential for reliable comparisons with controls in longitudinal studies. WFPM 492 199. Effect of variable light intensity on composite shrinkage Joseph B. Dennison, DDS, MS, Peter Yaman, DDS, MS, Ricardo Seir, DDS, MS, James C. Hamilton, DDS Ann Arbor, Mich.

A valuable study that investigated the effect of sequentially increasing light intensity on the polymerization shrinkage of 2 composites. GPM 499 200. Marginal fit and short-term clinical performance of porcelainveneered CICERO, CEREC and Procera onlays Harry Denissen, DDS, PhD, Alma Dozi , DDS, Jef van der Zel, PhD, Marinus van Waas, DDS, PhD Amsterdam, The Netherlands An interesting study that tested the hypothesis that clincally acceptable onlays can be fabricated with CICERO, CEREC, and Procera core technologies. GPM 506 201. Prospective clinical 5-year study of ceramic-veneered titanium restorations with the Procera system Rolf Lövgren, LDS, Bernt Andersson, LDS, Odont Dr, Gunnar E. Carlsson, LDS, Odont Dr, Dr Odont hc, Per Ödman, LDS, Odont Dr Kungshamn, Bonhus County, and Göteborg, Sweden The clinical outcome of this prospective 5-year study indicates that ceramic-veneered titanium restorations with the Procera system are an acceptable method of treatment in fixed prosthodontics. GPM 514 202. A role for surface topography in creating and maintaining bone at titanium endosseous implants Lyndon F. Cooper, DDS, PhD Chapel Hill, N.C. An excellent literature review that reveals both consensus and controversy on cp titanium implant surface topography and its effect on osseointegration. GPM 522 203. In vivo force measurements on maxillary implants supporting a fixed prosthesis or an over-denture: A pilot study Regina Mericske-Stern, DDS, PhD, Eva Venetz, DDS, Fritz Fahränder, DDS, Walter Bürgin, BiomedIng Bern, Switzerland A preliminary study measuring in vivo forces on 5 maxillary implants in the edentulous maxillae. Similar patterns of force transmission to the implant resulted for both the screw-returned fixed prosthesis and the bar-returned overdenture prosthesis. GPM 535

204. Measurement of the dimensions and abutment rotational freedom of gold-machined 3i UCLA-type abutments in the as-received condition, after casting with a noble metal alloy and porcelain firing Paolo Vigolo, Dr Odont, MScD, Zeina Majzoub, DCD, DMD, MScD, Giampiero Cordioli, MD, DDS Padova, Italy Within the limitations of this study, the results suggest that, if all processing steps are observed carefully, changes at the implant interface of gold-machined UCLA abutments do not occur during laboratory processing of implant-supported prostheses. GPM 548 205. Effect of a new metal primer on the bond strength between a resin cement and two high-noble alloys Maria Antoniadou, DDS, MS, Matthias Kern, DMD, PhD, Jörg Rudolf Strub, DMD, PhD Kiel, Germany The alloy primer tested in this study significantly improved the bond strength of the resin cement to the noble alloys. GPM 554 206. Comparison of the tensile bond strength of high-noble, noble, and base metal alloys bonded to enamel Deniz Sen, Emine Nayir, Selim Pamuk Instanbul, Turkey In this study, no significant difference was observed in the tensile bond strength for the 2 luting agents tested. GPM 561 207. Bond strength of three porcelains to two forms of titanium using two firing atmospheres Saadet Atsü, DDS, PhD, Semih Berksun, DDS, PhD Ankara, Turkey This in vitro investigation evaluating bonding characteristics of 3 titanium-porcelain systems under various conditions revealed that matching the titanium-porcelain combination is the main determinant for optimal bonding. GPM 567 208. Effect of pressure of helium, argon, krypton, and xenon on the porosity, microstructure, and mechanical properties of commercially pure titanium castings Spiros Zinelis Athens, Greece The results of this study suggest that low gas pressures and Kr or Xe atmospheres reduce porosity and improve the qulaity of cp Ti castings. GPM 575

209. Immediate lingual flange extension Yuuji Sato, DDS, PhD, Ryuji Hosokawa, DDS, PhD, Takayasu Kubo, DDS, PhD Hiroshima, Japan A technique for immediate lingual flange extension before tissue conditioning and/or relining is described. A silicone putty matrix and autopolymerizing resin are used. CAL 583 210. Adaptation of a relocatable head frame for stereotactic radiotherapy Mark F. Mathews, DDS, MS, Rick M. Smith, DDS, MS Lackland AFB, Texas This article describes a technique for adaptation of a head frame to the same position each time stereotactic radiotherapy is administered. GPM 585

December 2000 • Volume 84 • Number 6 211. Long-term survival of sleeve-designed fixed partial dentures: A clinical report Mohiddin R. Dimashkieh, DDS, MSc, Abdullah R. Al-Shammery, BDS, MS Riyadh, Saudi Arabia The results of this longitudinal study for modified, conservative, resin-bonded SDFPDs were favorable. The problem of dislodgement apparently was resolved with this design, but esthetics remained a challenge, despite the masking of facial surfaces. WFPM 594 212. Assessment of plaque prevention on dentures using an experimental cleanser Sarah R. Sheen, BDS, Alan Harrison, TD, BDS, PhD Bristol, United Kingdom The effectiveness of a new denture cleanser was evaluated by the authors, who developed a method for using digital imaging to assess plaque accumulation. This method may be of use in future clinical trials. GPM 594 213. Accuracy of three corrective techniques for implant bar fabrication Giancarlo G. Romero, DDS, MS, Robert Engelmeier, DMD, MS, John M. Powers, PhD, Andrew A. Canterbury, MA, CDT Houston, Texas In this study, EDM proved to be the best postcasting method for correcting nonpassive fit between a cast bar superstructure and its interference with an implant abutment. GPM 602 214. Sterilization of reusable implant components: A pilot study Joseph R. Cain, DDS, MS, Donald L. Mitchell, DDS, MS, Joseph C. Gillespie Oklahoma City, Okla. The authors describe a clinically applicable procedure for sterilizing reusable dental implant instruments and components. GPM 608 215. Condylar repositioning in mandibular retrusion Jeffrey Wilson, BDS, MSc, DDPH, Robert Ian Nairn, BDS, MSc Cardiff, Wales, and London, England

The results of this study indicate that the removal of interfering occlusal contact on the retruded path of closure reduces the posterior displacement of the condyles. GPM 612 216. Effectiveness of metal surface treatments in controlling microleakage of the acrylic resin-metal framework interface Bruno Sharp, DDS, MS, Dean Morton, BDS, MS, Arthur E. Clark, DMD, PhD Gainesville, Fla. An interesting study that demonstrated that air abrasion is an economical and simple method to improve resistance to microleakage between metal alloys and acrylic resin. GPM 617 217. Use of x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and cyclic polarization to evaluate the corrosion behavior of six nickel-chromium alloys before and after porcelain-fused-to-metal firing Michael D. Roach, MS, John T. Wolan, PhD, Doug E. Parsell, PhD, Joel D. Bumgardner, PhD Mississippi State, and Jackson, Miss. An extremely important study that suggests that procelain firing procedures may increase the corrosion rate of some alloys. Enhanced corrosion increases the potential for hypersensitivity reactions to Ni, Cr, Be, and other corrosive products. GPM 623 218. Development and application of a new abrasion testing device Terry M. Lindquist, BS, DDS, MS, Clark M. Stanford, DDS, PhD Iowa City, Iowa The authors present a new device for the evaluation of the wear resistance of gypsum-based die materials. GPM 635 219. American Board of Prosthodontics William D. Culpepper, DDS, MSD Atlanta, Ga. 642

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