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Determining How to Integrate Assessments into Educator Evaluation: Developing Business Rules and Engaging Staff Webinar Series Part 6
Webinar Series Title
Date
Length
Time
1
Introduction: District-Determined Measures and Assessment Literacy
3/14
60 minutes
4-5pm
2
Basics of Assessment
4/4
90 minutes
4-5:30pm
3
Assessment Options
4/25
60 minutes
4-5pm
TA and Networking Session I
7/11
3 hours
9am-12pm
4
Determining the Best Approach to DistrictDetermined Measures
7/18
60 minutes
4-5pm
5
Measuring Student Growth and Piloting DistrictDetermined Measures
8/15
60 minutes
4-5pm
TA and Networking Session II
9/19
3 hours
2:30pm5:30pm
6
Integrating Assessments into Educator Evaluation: Developing Business Rules and Engaging Staff
10/24
60 minutes
4-5pm
7
Communicating Results
12/5
60 minutes
4-5pm
TA and Networking Session III
12/12
3 hours
2:30pm5:30pm
Sustainability
1/23
60 minutes
4-5pm
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2
Audience & Purpose Target audience District teams that will be engaged in the work of identifying, selecting, and piloting DistrictDetermined Measures.
After today participants will understand: Examples of practical solutions to issues of fairness in using District-Determined Measures (DDMs). Practical examples of engaging educators in the process of implementing DDMs.
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Agenda Student Impact Rating Rollout Reminder DDM Comparability Identifying Bias
Standardizing DDMs Ensuring Sufficient Variability
Q&A and Next Steps 4
Student Impact Rating Rollout: Date
Action
Sept. 2013:
Decide which DDMs to pilot and submit list to ESE.
Sept. 2013 – June 2014:
Pilot DDMs in at least the five required areas and research DDMs in additional areas.
June 2014:
Submit final plans, including any extension requests, for implementing DDMs during the 2014-15 school year*.
SY 2014-2015
Implement DDMs and collect Year 1 Student Impact Rating data for all educators (with the exception of educators who teach the particular grades/subjects or courses for which an extension has been granted).
SY 2015-2016
Implement DDMs, collect Year 2 Student Impact Rating, and determine and report Student Impact Ratings for all educators (with the exception of educators who teach the particular grades/subjects or courses for which a district has received an extension).
*ESE will release the June 2014 submission template and DDM implementation extension request form in December 2013.
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DDM Key Questions Is the measure aligned to content? Does it assess what the educators intend to teach and what’s most important for students to learn?
Is the measure informative? Do the results tell educators whether students are making the desired progress, falling short, or excelling? Do the results provide valuable information to schools and districts about their educators?
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Refining your Pilot DDMs Districts will employ a variety of approaches to identify pilot DDMs (e.g., build, borrow, buy). Key considerations: 1. How well does the assessment measure growth? 2. Is there a common administration protocol? 3. Is there a common scoring process? 4. How do results correspond to low, moderate, of high growth? 5. Is the assessment comparable to other DDMs? Use the DDM Key Questions and these considerations to strengthen your assessments during the pilot year.
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DDM Comparability: Two Types DDMs must be “comparable across schools, grades, and subject matter district-wide.” (Per 603 CMR 35.09(2)a) Comparability = Two types (Type 1) Comparable across schools (Type 2) Comparable across grades and subject matter
Learn more in Technical Guide B, page 9 and appendix G
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Comparability (Type 1) Comparable across schools Example: Teachers with the same job (e.g., all 5th grade teachers) Where possible, measures are identical Easier to compare identical measures Do identical measures provide meaningful information about all students?
When might they not be identical? Different content (different sections of Algebra I) Differences in untested skills (reading and writing on math test for ELL students) Other accommodations (fewer questions to students who need more time)
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Error and Bias Error is the difference between true ability and a student’s score. Random error Student sleeps poorly, lucky guess, … etc
Systematic error (bias) Error occurs for one type or group of students ELL student misreads a set of questions Systematic Error = Bias
Why This matters? Error (OK) decreases with longer/additional measures Bias (BAD) does not decrease with longer/additional measures Even with identical DDM, bias threatens comparability
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When does bias occur? Situation: Students who score high on the pretest have less of an opportunity to grow because they cannot get more than a top score (Ceiling Effect). Situation: Special education students gain fewer points from pre-post test, and as a result are less likely to be labeled as having high growth.
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Checking for Bias Do all students have an equal chance to grow? Is there a relationship between the initial score and gain score?
We can do this in EXCEL using correlation We have Pre-Test Score Post-Test Score Gain Score
Correlation formula in Excel:
=CORREL(PRE-TEST SCORES, GAIN SCORES)
Type “=correl”, click formula Highlight Pre-Test Scores, Press “Comma” Highlight Difference Scores, Close Parentheses, Press “Enter”
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Interpreting Correlation Correlation is the degree to which two numbers are related Correlation Number between -1 and 1. A zero correlation means numbers are unrelated Closer to 1 or -1 means strong correlation
DDMs should provide all students an opportunity to demonstrate growth We want to see little to no correlation between pre-test scores and gain scores A correlation above .3 or below -.3 suggests that there are systematic differences in gain for low and high ability students
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Correlation Example Demonstration of computing Correlation between pre-test and gain Very Low Correlation students of all ability were equally likely to demonstrate growth
Negative Correlation Students of high ability systematically demonstrated less growth (due to ceiling effect)
Positive Correlation Students with lower scores generally grew less (bias)
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Interpreting Correlation Strong correlation is an indication of a problem A low correlation is not a guarantee of no bias! Strong effect in small sub-population Counteracting effects at both low and high end Use common sense
Always look at a graph! Create a scatter-plot graph and look for patterns
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Example of Bias at Teacher Level Teacher A
Teacher B
Pre
Post
Gain
Pre
Post
Gain
3
4
1
3
4
1
3
4
1
8
14
6
3
4
1
8
14
6
3
4
1
8
14
6
8
14
6
8
14
6
Even though similar students gained the same amount
Teacher A’s average gain is 2 Teacher B’s average gain is 5
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Solution: Grouping Grouping allows teachers to be compared based on similar students, even when the number of those students is different
Low Students High Students
Teacher
Average Growth
A
1
B
1
A
6
B
6
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Addressing Bias: Grouping How many groups? What bias are you addressing? Enough students in each group?
Using Groups Weighted average Rule based (all groups must be above cut off) Professional judgment 18
Comparability (Type 2) Comparability across different DDMs Across different grades and subject matter Are different DDMs held to the same standard of rigor?
Does not require identical number of students in each of the three groups of low, moderate, and high Common sense judgment of fairness 19
One option: Standardization Standardization is a process of putting different measures on the same scale For example Most cars cost $25,000 give or take $5,000 Most apples costs $1.50 give or take $.50 Getting a $5000 discount on a car is about equal to what discount on an apple?
Technical terms “Most are” = mean “Give or take” = standard deviation
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Guest Speaker Jamie LaBillois – Executive Director of Instruction, Norwell Public Schools
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Developing Local Norms Student A
English: Math: Art: Social Studies: Science: Music:
15/20 22/25 116/150 6/10 70/150 35/35
We learned early on that we needed a process that would create one universal measurement unit to discuss student progress.
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Transform the Data…
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How? Step One Calculated the difference between Post and Pre (or any approach from Technical Guide B) Step Two Find the mean (average) of the difference scores Step Three Find the standard deviation of the difference scores
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How?
Now, we’re ready to “transform” the difference scores into a universal measurement system.
Step Four Calculate the z-score of each individual difference score (observation – Mean) Z = -----------------------------------Standard Deviation
Step Five Calculate percentile rank for each z-score
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Developing Local Norms Student A
English: Math: Art: Social Studies: Science: Music:
15/20 22/25 116/150 6/10 70/150 35/35
Student A
English: Math: Art: Social Studies: Science: Music:
62 72 59 71 70 61
%ile %ile %ile %ile %ile %ile
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Examining an Educator’s Impact Grade 4 DIBELS Oral Reading Fluency MEDIAN %ile per class:
Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher Teacher
1: 2: 3: 4: 5: 6: 7: 8:
65 71 59 59 62 57 29 50
%ile %ile %ile %ile %ile %ile %ile %ile
Evaluator’s Focus 27
Lessons Learned
Growth vs. Achievement Robust Tool Timely Analysis Re-Assessment of Instruction Re-Assessment of Ability vs. Disability Development of Building-Based Evaluators Educator Engagement is Essential 28
Ensuring Sufficient Variability Technical Guide B’s two key questions: Is DDM aligned to content? Does the DDM provide information to educators and evaluations?
Lack of variability reduces information
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Looking for Variability Problematic
200
200
150
150 # of students
# of students
Good
100
50
100
50
0
0 Low
Moderate
High
Low
Moderate
The second graph is problematic because it doesn’t give us information about the difference between average and high growth because so many students fall into the “high” growth category.
High
30
Guest Speaker Experience with constructing measures with greater variability
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Wrap-Up Today, we discussed three strategies for evaluating the fairness of your DDMs 1. Check for bias by computing the correlation between pre-test scores and gain scores.
Remember: Zero correlation indicates that all students have an equal chance to demonstrate growth.
2. Standardization can help you compare DDMs in different content areas.
3. Look for variability in student growth. A lack of variability reduces the amount of information available to educators about their students.
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Resources Available Now at http://www.doe.mass.edu/edeval/ddm/: Technical Guide B DDMs and Assessment Literacy Webinar Series Technical Assistance and Networking Sessions Core Course Objectives and Example DDMs Coming Soon Using Current Assessments Guidance (Curriculum Summit) Model Contract Language DDM Pilot Plan Cohorts
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Register for Webinar Series Part 7 Part 7: Communicating Results Date: December 5th, 2013 Time: 4-5pm EST (60 minutes) Register: https://air-event500.webex.com/airevent500/onstage/g.php?d=597905353&t=a 34
Questions Contact Craig Waterman at
[email protected] Ron Noble at
[email protected]
Feedback Tell us how we did: http://www.surveygizmo.com/s3/1421848/Dist rict-Determined-Measures-amp-AssessmentLiteracy-Webinar-6-Feedback
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