DGP Review PPT - Greeley Schools

DGP MIDTERM REVIEW Sentences 1-10

TRANSITIVE VERBS The Two Rules: a. It must be an action verb b. It must be followed by a noun or pronoun which receives the action (called a direct object)

TRANSITIVE VERB EXAMPLE: KICKED

Action verb

Silvia kicked Juan under the table.

Direct Object ( he receives the kick)

TRANSITIVE VERB EXAMPLE: WROTE

Action verb

Alicia wrote a love letter on a restaurant napkin.

Direct Object ( what she wrote)

INTRANSITIVE VERBS: Two Types of Intransitive Verbs: Linking Verbs - All linking verbs are intransitive verbs a.

Action Verbs - If an action verb is intransitive, it will not have a noun (direct object) to receive the action. b.

INTRANSITIVE EXAMPLES: Action Verb

Huffing and puffing, we arrived Prepositional Phrase

at the classroom door Prepositional Phrase

with only seven seconds to spare.

INTRANSITIVE VERB EXAMPLE: Action Verb

Sheryl sneezed with violence. Prepositional Phrase

FINAL TIPS FOR TRANSITIVE VS. INTRANSITIVE:  -

 -

-

For Action Verbs: It’s not really about the verb itself, it is about what comes AFTER the verb. If you can take the verb, ask the question “what” and find a reasonable answer in the sentence, it is Transitive. For Linking Verbs: Make sure you are strictly looking at a linking verb, not a helping verb. Remember, helping verbs are followed by action verbs! All solo linking verbs are intransitive!

NOW YOU DECIDETRANSITIVE OR INTRANSITIVE? Action Verb

Rosa usually eats whole-grain cereal for breakfast.

Direct Object

This action verb is TRANSITIVE!

NOW YOU DECIDETRANSITIVE OR INTRANSITIVE?

Action Verb

During cross-country practice, Damien runs Prepositional Phrases

over hills, through fields, across the river, and along the highway.

This action verb is INTRANSITIVE!

NOW YOU DECIDETRANSITIVE OR INTRANSITIVE? Helping Verb

In the spring, Damien will run his first marathon. Action Verb

Direct Object

This action verb combo is TRANSITIVE!

ALL THE “PREDICATE” STUFF The part of a sentence which contains the verb  Usually happens AFTER the subject.  Predicates always state something about the subject: a. Describe the subject (an adjective or adjective phrase) b. Renaming the subject (with a noun) 

PREDICATE ADJECTIVE 

Predicate Adjectives follow a formula: Called the P.A.

Subject+ Linking Verb+ Adjective All of this is part of the predicate

PREDICATE ADJECTIVE EXAMPLES Linking Verb

Pie is delicious. Subject

Adjective describing the subject

PREDICATE NOMINATIVE 

Predicate Nominatives follow this formula: Called the P.N.

Subject+ Linking Verb+ Noun All of this is part of the predicate



The noun in a PN always renames the subject! Remember: Nombre and Nominative have the same root word!

PREDICATE NOMINATIVE EXAMPLE: Linking Verb

Pie is a dessert. Subject

Noun renames the subject

PA, PN, OR DO?

Linking Verb

Predicate Adjective!

Maria is hungry for pie. Subject

Adjective describing the subject

PA, PN, OR DO?

Linking Verb

The girl behind Jose is smarter than me. Subject

Adjective describing the subject

Predicate Adjective!

PA, PN, OR DO?

Predicate Nominative! Linking Verb

The girl behind Jose is a genius. Subject

Noun renaming the subject

PA, PN, OR DO?

Action Verb

The girl behind Jose failed the test. Subject

Noun does not rename the subject

Direct Object!

DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONJUNCTIONS 

 a. b. c.

All conjunctions join/hook together words, phrases or clauses. Types of Conjunctions we’ve discussed: Coordinating Subordinating Correlative

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: The most common conjunctions  Show that items have equal emphasis in the sentence.  Joins two or more main clauses or main together 

Remember the Acronym: FANBOYS

F= For A= And N= Nor

B= But O= Or Y= Yet S= So

COORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS: When I go to the store I want to buy peaches, pears, and oranges. All items on my list are important!

Diana stared dreamily at the handsome Mr. McKenzie, but Olivia, who hated economics, furiously jiggled her foot in attempt to ignore him. Both girls are equally important to the sentence’s purpose (to compare)!

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS The THREE Jobs of a Subordinating Conjunction: a.

b.

c.

To transition between an independent clause and a dependent clause. To indicate a time, a place, or a cause/effect relationship. To show that one clause is more important than the other.

Don’t confuse a SC with a Preposition!

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION EXAMPLE: More important clause (Ind. Cl)

SC

Ron begins to sneeze violently whenever the girl next to him sprays her flowery perfume.

Less important clause (Dep. Cl.)

SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTION EXAMPLE: SC

Less important clause (Dep. Cl.)

Even though Dana persevered at the calculus

exam, she was only adding another F beside her name in her teacher’s grade book.

More important clause (Ind. Cl)

OTHER SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS after although as because before even if even though if in order that once

provided that rather than since so that than that though unless until when

whenever where whereas wherever whether while why

PREPOSITIONS: Prepositions

show where things are in the world

-

Where things are in space or location Where things are in time

LOCATION PREPOSITIONS:

The puppy is on the floor.

The puppy is in the trash can.

The puppy is beside the phone.

OTHER LOCATION PREPOSITIONS: by  near  nearby  above  below  Over  Under  Up  down  around 

through  inside  outside (of)  between  beside  beyond  in front of  in back of  behind  next to 

on top of  within  beneath  underneath  among  along  against  In  On 

TIME PREPOSITIONS 

These are the same as subordinating conjunctions (word wise) but function simply to tell WHEN something occurred, not to link two phrases together.

• • • •

Before After During At

• Since • While • Meanwhile

PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES: 

 1. 2.



Remember, a phrase means “a related group of words” Two simple parts of a Prepositional Phrase (PP) Always begins with a preposition Always ends with a noun (sometimes pronoun or gerund).

In between part 1 and 2, there may be some added adjectives or other modifiers.

FIND THE PHRASE: The coyote runs after the rabbit.

The car stalled despite the tune-up.

The team won without the starting quarterback.

FIND THE PHRASES: The old farmhouse stood for years, after the revolution, by the fork in the road, beyond the orange grove, over the wooden bridge, at the farthest edge of the family's land, toward the great basin, down in the valley, under the old mining town, outside the city's limits, and past the end of the county maintained road.

OBJECT OF THE PREPOSITION 

The object of the preposition answers the following question:

Preposition + WHAT? = Object of the preposition Example: I am at school. at WHAT? School!

LABEL THE OBJECTS: The old farmhouse stood (for years), (after the revolution), (by the fork) (in the road), (beyond the orange grove), (over the wooden bridge), (at the farthest edge) (of the family's land), (toward the great basin), (down in the valley), (under the old mining town), (outside the city's limits), and (past the end) (of the county maintained road.)

VERBALS 

Verbals are words that are created using a verb, but which function as a noun, adjective or adverb.

TYPES OF VERBALS: GERUNDS A verb which acts as a NOUN.  Key to remember: Gerund sounds like Gerald, a name for a man. A man is a NOUN. 

Rules: 1. Verb+ ing 2. Can either be a SUBJECT , DIRECT OBJECT or OBJECT OF A PREPOSITION in a sentence.

GERUNDS IN CONTEXT

Reading is fun. Gerund as a subject.

I enjoy shopping. Gerund as a direct object.

I use pencils for drawing. Gerund as an OP.

TYPES OF VERBALS: PARTICIPLES 

A verb acting as an ADJECTIVE.



Rules:

Verb+ ing followed by a noun. OR Verb+ed followed by a noun.

PARTICIPLES IN CONTEXT I have running shoes.

Frightened, I ran down the street.

It’s an unspoken rule.

TYPES OF VERBALS: INFINITIVES A verb acting like a noun, adjective, or an adverb  Easiest type of verbal to identify: 

Rule: To+ verb 

INFINITIVES IN CONTEXT 

I like to eat.



It is the best place to eat.

Infinitive as noun (D.O.)

Infinitive as adjective



I need a pen to write a letter. Infinitive as adverb

PRONOUNS 

 a. b. c. d. e. f. g.

In general, a pronoun replaces or renames a noun with a more simple, general name. There are many types of Pronouns: Nominative Possessive Demonstrative Indefinite Relative Reflexive And more! (we aren’t going over more than this though!)

NOMINATIVE PRONOUNS: Directly rename something in the sentence.  The most common pronouns: 

1st Pers. Nom I Me We Us

2nd Pers. Nom You

3rd Pers. Nom He/She/It They/Them

POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS: 

Show that somebody owns something, or that something belongs to them.

His  Her’s  My  Mine  Their  Their’s  Your  Your’s 

DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS 

Represents a thing (or things)

This  That  These  Those 

INDEFINITE PRONOUNS 

Refer to something undefined by the sentence. The indefinite pronoun could almost be anything.

All  Another  Anybody  Anyone  Nobody  None  Few  Any 

RELATIVE PRONOUN 



Introduces somebody in the sentence such as: The person who called me last night was my mom.

Who  Whom  Whose  Which  That 

REFLEXIVE PRONOUN 

Refers to a normal nominative pronoun, but ends in the word “self”

Himself/Herself  Themselves  Ourselves  Yourselves  Itself 