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FOURTH GENERATION (4G) CELLPHONE NETWORKS BY: SALOMÉ THÉRIAULT COMM 1631, WINTER 2011

WHAT IS 4G ?  4G STANDS FOR THE FOURTH GENERATION OF CELLULAR WIRELESS STANDARDS.  IT IS A FASTER AND BETTER NETWORK  4G PROVIDES:

ULTRA-BROADBAND INTERNET ACCESS IP TECHNOLOGY GAMING SERVICES STREAMED MULTIMEDIA, ETC.  ALLOWS DATA AND VOICE TO BE CARRIED OUT ON THE SAME NETWORK

ITU REQUIREMENTS AND 4G WIRELESS STANDARDS  BASED ON AN ALL-IP PACKET SWITCHED NETWORK  PEAK DATA RATES: APPROXIMATELY 100 MBIT/S FOR HIGH MOBILITY (EG. MOBILE ACCESS ) AND

APPROXIMATELY 1 GBIT/S FOR LOW MOBILITY ( EG. NOMADIC/LOCAL WIRELESS ACCESS)  DYNAMICALLY SHARE & UTILIZE NETWORK RESOURCES TO SUPPORT MORE SIMULTANEOUS USERS PER

CELL  SCALABLE CHANNEL BANDWIDTH, BETWEEN 5 AND 20 MHZ, OPTIONALLY UP TO 40 MHZ

ITU REQUIREMENTS AND 4G WIRELESS STANDARDS  PEAK LINK SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY OF 15 BIT/S/HZ IN THE DOWNLINK, AND 6.75 BIT/S/HZ IN THE UPLINK  SYSTEM SPECTRAL EFFICIENCY OF UP TO 3 BIT/S/HZ/CELL IN THE DOWNLINK AND 2.25 BIT/S/HZ/CELL FOR

INDOOR USAGE  SMOOTH HANDOVERS ACROSS HETEROGENEOUS NETWORKS  OFFER HIGH QUALITY OF SERVICE FOR NEXT GENERATION MULTIMEDIA SUPPORT

HISTORY  NEW GENERATIONS APPEARED APROXIMATELY EVERY TEN YEARS 

ANALOG (1G): speeds up to 2.4kbps introduced in the early 1980s and completed in the early 1990s



DIGITAL TRANSMISSION (2G): digital signal for voice and the speeds up to 64kbps. Developed in the late 1980s and finished in the late 1990s

HISTORY  - MULTI-MEDIA SUPPORT (3G): 3G wireless system with speeds from 125kbps to

2Mbps developed in the late 1990s and might be well-done in the late 2000s.  4G: 2010

EVOLUTION FROM 3G TO 4G  SPEEDS HAVE IMPROVED

10 TIMES FASTER THAN 3G FOR EXAMPLE: 

 GLOBAL ROAMING  INTERFACE WITH WIRE-LINE INTERNET  QOS  SECURITY

 4G IS SUPPORTED BY: IPV6, OFDM, MC-CDMA, LAS-CDMA, UWB AND NETWORK-

LMDS  THEY CAN BE ARRANGED IN DIFFERENT ZONE SIZE

COMPONENTS  IPV6 SUPPORT:  UNLIKE 3G, WHICH IS BASED ON TWO PARALLEL INFRASTRUCTURES CONSISTING OF CIRCUIT SWITCHED AND PACKET SWITCHED NETWORK NODES, 4G WILL IS BASED ON PACKET SWITCHING  ADVANCED ANTENNA SYSTEMS:

THE PERFORMANCE OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS DEPENDS ON AN ANTENNA SYSTEM: SMART ANTENNA  MULTIPLE ANTENNA TECHNOLOGIES ARE EMERGING TO ACHIEVE THE GOAL OF 4G SYSTEMS SUCH AS HIGH RATE, HIGH RELIABILITY, AND LONG RANGE COMMUNICATIONS 

COMPONENTS  SOFTWARE-DEFINED RADIO (SDR):  SDR

IS ONE FORM OF OPEN WIRELESS ARCHITECTURE  SINCE 4G IS A COLLECTION OF WIRELESS STANDARDS, THE FINAL FORM OF A 4G DEVICE WILL CONSTITUTE VARIOUS STANDARDS

HOW 4G WORKS  EACH NODE IS ASSIGNED TO A 4G-IP ADDRESS (BASED ON IPV6)  FORMED BY A PERMANENT HOME IP ADDRESS AND A DYNAMIC CARE OF

ADDRESS THAT REPRESENTS THE ACTUAL LOCATION  IF A DEVICE IN THE INTERNET WANTS TO COMMUNICATE WITH CELL PHONES IN

THE WIRELESS NETWORK, THE COMPUTERS WILL SEND A PACKET TO THE 4GIP ADDRESS OF THE CELL PHONE TARGETING THE HOME ADDRESS

HOW 4G WORKS  A DIRECTORY SERVER ON THE CELL PHONE’S HOME NETWORK FORWARDS THE PACKET TO

THE CELL PHONE’S CARE OF ADDRESS THROUGH A TUNNEL  THE DIRECTORY INFORMS THE COMPUTER THAT THE CELL PHONE’S CARE OF ADDRESS (REAL

LOCATION) AS WELL, SO THE NEXT PACKETS CAN BE SENT TO THE CELL PHONE DIRECTLY  THE 4G-IP ADDRESS CAN CARRY MORE INFORMATION THAN THE IP ADDRESS USED IN 3G

 IPV6 = INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 6 INCLUDING 128 BITS, 4 TIMES MORE THAN 32BITS IP

ADDRESS IN IPV4

WHAT CAN WE DO WITH A 4G?  STREAM HD VIDEOS/MOVIES  DOWNLOAD MASSIVE FILES  DOWNLOAD MUSIC FAST

 VIDEO CHATS  HI-RES PHOTO DOWNLOAD  CONNECT FIVE DEVICES

4G MARKET WATCH  GROWTH IN THE WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS EQUIPMENT BUISINESS

IS ACCELERATING IN 2011 AND ON OF THE MAIN REASON IS DRIVEN BY THE TRANSITION TO 4G  FACTORY REVENUE FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS IN 2011 IS ESTIMATED TO REACH 302.7 BILLION, 20.6% UP FROM 2010

4G MARKET WATCH  BY 2014, THE INDUSTRY IS EXPECTED TO ADD ANOTHER $100 BILLION

DOLLARS ACCUMULATING $413.3 BILLION WORLDWIDE IN EQUIPMENT REVENUE

IN THE LONG RUN  4G COULD BE CHEAPER

700 MHZ-BASED SIGNALS TRAVEL FURTHER SO CARRIERS WILL HAVE TO INSTALL EQUIPMENT ON FEWER TOWERS  THIS WILL RESULT IN LESS EXPENSIVE NETWORK COSTS.  IT WILL ALSO BENEFITS CONSUMERS BECAUSE: IF COSTS CARRIERS LESS TO PROVIDE SERVICES, THEY WILL HAVE MORE ROOM TO MOVE ON PRICING PLANS 

CONCLUSION  WITH ADVANCING TECHNOLOGIES, WHO KNOWS HOW FAR NETWORKS

WILL DEVELOP  4G LETS US BROADCAST FURTHER AND FASTER AND ALSO ALLOWS US TO SAVE TIME BY IMPROVING RECEPTIONS AND UPLOAD SPEEDS

RESOURCES  “4G.” Wikipedia. Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, Inc, 29 Jan. 2011. Web.

Jan. 2011.  Levy, Carmi. “The 4G revolution: Canadians face hurdles in search for faster wireless.” The Star. Copyright Toronto Star 1996-2010, Nov. 27 2010. Web. Jan. 2011  Huang, Shih-Lian. “Evolution from 3G to 4G and beyond (5G).” DaniWeb. 2010 DaniWeb LLC, Nov. 27 2010. Web. Jan. 2011  Sideco, Francis. “4G Transition and Tablet Devices Spur Growth of Mobile Communications in 2011.” iSuppli. 2010 iSuppli Corporation, Jan. 20 2011. Web. Jan. 2011