EAC 2014 Hauke Jöns

Hauke Jöns, Wilhelmshaven:

Discover the submerged prehistory of Europe – aims, methods and outcomes of the European SPLASHCOS-network www.splashcos.org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

2004, Streif Streif2004 Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

The European Continental Shelf

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Bailey 2011

40% of the European surface is submerged!

Graphik: F. Bau

(Shenann et al. 2000; van der Noort 2011)

8250 cal BC

Harpune von der Lemanbank (Trawler „Colinda“) (Ward et al 2006)

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

The European Continental Shelf

rule of thumb: ‘the deeper the site below sea level, the older the site’

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Bailey 2011, Harff and Rosentau 2011 Jöns 2011

rule of thumb: ‘the higher the level, the older the site’

Fischer 2011/Andersen 2013

Tybring Vig Denmark (5400–3900 cal. BC)

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Hendersen et al. 2011

Pavlopetri Greece (3000-1200 cal. BC) Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Galili and Rosen 2011

Atlit-Yam Israel (7200-6000 cal. BC) Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

North Frisian Wadden Sea Germany

Late neolithic offering pit with scull of an ourochs found at the Hamburger Hallig (2300 cal BC)

Kühn 2008

Megalithic Grave from Sylt-island (3200 cal BC)

Treetrunk (1740 cal BC)

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Reconstruction of the Palaeolandscape (Doggerbank) 3D-Seismik

Gaffney et al. 2007

Data from offshore-industries!

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

These examples indicate: o Big parts of the European Prehistory is submerged offshore (common European perspective) o The sites may be extraordinary well preserved (organic material) and may offer completely new information about the prehistoric life o In many cases the sites may be used as well dated sea level-index points and are also of high interest for Geologist, Oceanologists and Climate experts o They only can be investigated in close cooperation with these disciplines (Geophysics, Geology, Sedimentology, Archaeobiology, etc.). o A lot of data is already available and can be used!

Transnational & interdisciplinary approach is needed as well as cooperation with the marine industry! Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

www.splashcos.org

Chair: Geoff Bailey (York) Dimitris Sakellariou (Athens)

The project was funded for four years (2009-2013) as COST-Action o Communication, interdisciplinary exchange of experience and knowledge o to promote research on the investigation, interpretation and management of the drowned landscapes of the continental shelf o to create a structure for the development of new interdisciplinary and international research collaboration o to provide guidance to archaeologists, environmental and marine scientists, heritage professionals, government agencies, commercial Saxonypublic. Institute for Historical Coastal Research organisations, policy makers and aLower wider

26 Countries:

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos – Actions Most of the money was spent for Conferences and Meetings: 1 Brussels Meeting (November 2009) 2 York Meeting (March 2010) 3 Rhodes Meeting (October 2010) 4 Berlin Meeting ( April 2011) 5 Ahtopol Meeting (May 2011) 6 Zadar Meeting (October 2011) 7 UK Meeting (Edinburgh, November 2011) 8 Amersfoort Meeting (April 2012) 9 Rome Meeting (September 2012) 10 Esbjerg Meeting (March 2013) 11 Final Conference, Szczecin (September 2013) www.splashcos.org Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos – Actions and Training for Early State Researchers (ESR) 6 Training Schools (66 Persons): in Denmark, Estonia, Greece, Israel, Spain, and Malta: - underwater excavation, acoustic survey, mapping, recording and conservation, sea level modelling, and palaeoenvironmental and geochronological analysis of palaeocoastlines. 11 Short Term Scientific Missions (STSMs): involved individuals from Belgium, Denmark, Estonia, Israel, Latvia, Portugal, and UK. www.splashcos.org

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos – Actions most of the work was organised by 4 Working groups: WG 1: Archaeological Data and Interpretations WG 4: Commercial Collaboration and Outreach

WG 3: Technology, Technical Resources and Training WG 2: Environmental Data and Reconstructions (Geology, etc.)

www.splashcos.org

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

WG 1: Archaeological Data and Interpretations Chair: Anders Fischer

o To audit and categorise the current state of knowledge about the existence, location, and chronological range of prehistoric (Stone Age) archaeological finds on the European continental shelf. o To evaluate the potential significance of such data for the early history of human settlement and society in Europe (until 4000 cal. BC) o Recommendations for future projects

Publication of an Atlas, visualising the submerged archaeological sites of Europe (in prep. by Anders Fischer et al.) www.splashcos.org

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

WG 2: Environmental Data and Reconstructions Chair: Jan Harff

o Assemble data, or sources of data, on sea-level change, palaeoclimate, bathymetry, and related variables o Assess issues of site preservation and taphonomy o To evaluate conditions for the survival and visibility of prehistoric archaeological materials in different types of geological and oceanographic conditions and in different geographical regions of the shelf

Publication of a Handbook, giving an overview about the actual research on the submerged landscapes of Europe (in prep. by Nic Flemming et al.) www.splashcos.org

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

WG 3: Technology, Technical Resources and Training Chairs: Ole Grøn, Tine Missiaen

o Production of a report about the capability of geophysical equipment for archaeological surveys on submerged landscapes o Identification of centres of expertise, laboratories, skills, equipment, technical support, and training opportunities to facilitate interinstitutional, interdisciplinary www.splashcos.org

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

WG 4: Commercial Collaboration and Outreach Chair: Julie Satchell

o To establish channels of cooperation and collaboration with commercial and industrial organisations in sharing and monitoring of data

www.splashcos.org

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-Databases: - Bibliography of all Splashcos-themes („Mendeley“, Jonathan Benjamin) - Stable isotope database (Theis Zetner Trolle Jensen)

- New Databases for Archaoelogical and Geological Data? No! - But „SPLASHCOS-viewer on GeoSeas“ (Combination of meta database and web-based viewer) Organised by Sytze van Heteren (data-management) & Hauke Jöns (corresponding within the archaeological community, collecting and checking the national datasets) … still work in progress

www.splashcos.org

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Chances: - Raising public and scientific awareness for submerged landscapes and sites - Research tool on the european scale: - sorting for sites of different (archaeological) periods or ages - sorting for sites in different water depths - sorting for radiocarbon dated sites - sorting for sites with organic material - etc. - getting information about publications (references) and - getting access to further online-information (url)

- Mapping Tool for the planned Splashcos-Book 1 (Anders Fischer: „Atlas“)

Big Challenge: Data needed from all countries Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

EMODNet

Hydrography

Sea-bed Geology

Bathymetry

Archaeology Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Country

Correspondant

Belgium Bulgaria Croatia Denmark Estonia France Germany Greece Ireland Israel Italy Latvia Lithuania Malta Netherlands Norway Poland Portugal Romania Spain Sweden Turkey UK Ukraine

Marnix Pieters Hristina Angelova Irena Radic Rossi Anders Fischer Aivar Kriiska Cyrille Billard Hauke Jöns Nena Galanidou Kieran Westley Ehud Galili Elena Flavia Valdis Berzin Algirdas Girininkas Tim Gambin Andrea Otte/Hans Peeters Hakon Glørstad Prezemyslaw Krajewski Nuno Bicho Valentina Voinea Pablo Arias Björn Nilsson Hakan Oniz Garry Momber Valentina Yanko-Hombach

Big Challenge: Data needed from all countries

Splashcos-Network in function!

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

State of the art (March 2014): 2525 sites from 19 countries Belgium, Bulgaria, Croatia, Cypres, Denmark, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Sweden, Turkey, UK, Ukraine, no Splashcos-sites in their waters so far: Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Malta, Romania, Spain.

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information

Single find (unstratified) Collection of finds (unstratified) Settlement (in situ culture layer, features) Grave/Burial Depotfind/Offering Rock Art/Carvings Others

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Mapped for „Type of site“

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information

Palaeolithic

Upper Palaeolithic Middle Palaeolithic

Late Palaeolithic Late Paleolithic/Early Mesolithic

Prehistoric

Mesolithic

Early Mesolithic Middle Mesolithic

Late Mesolithic Late Mesolithic/Early Neolithic Neolithic

Early Neolithic Middle Neolithic Late Neolithic

Late Neolithic/Early Bronze Age Bronze Age

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Mapped for „Archaeological Dating“

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information

Typochronology Dendrochronology Radiocarbon Dating OSL-Dating Stratigraphy

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Mapped for „Dating based on “

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Mapped for „maximum waterdepths “

(Bailey 2011)

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information

yes no

unknown

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Mapped for „organic material“

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information

Complexe site, settlment and burials, organic material well preserved (see url and references),

S. Andersen, Tybrind Vig (2013)

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Splashcos-viewer: Structure of information

Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research

Outline of the final phase of the project and the future: State of the art: - There are still some datasets missing - some Datasets are not complete: absolute chronological dating of typochronologically dated sites, organic material, url and references etc.

Next steps: - Sending the actual version of the national datasets to the national correspondants for last corrections - Installation of the Splashcos-Viewer on GeoSeas Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research web-system (2015)

Thanks a lot to the Correspondants Marnix Pieters Hristina Angelova Irena Radic Rossi Anders Fischer Aivar Kriiska Cyrille Billard Nena Galanidou Kieran Westley Ehud Galili Elena Flavia Valdis Berzin Algirdas Girininkas Tim Gambin Andrea Otte Hans Peeters Hakon Glørstad Prezemyslaw Krajewski Nuno Bicho Valentina Voinea Pablo Arias Björn Nilsson Hakan Oniz Garry Momber Olena Smyntyna

Thanks to the Splashcos and working group chairs: Geoff Bailey Dimitris Sakellariou Nic Flemming Anders Fischer Jan Harff Tine Messian Julie Satchel Thanks for implementing the Splashcos Viewer into the GeoSeas System to: Sytze van Heteren & Dick Schaap

Thanks for technical support to Moritz Mennenga

thank you for listening … Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research