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Please write the question and your answer. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of social Darwinism? A. Berea has valuable resources which Richmond would benefit from controlling B. Berea is unfit for self-government so Richmond has a duty to “civilize” them C. Berea needs to totally blend in to the culture of Richmond when Richmond takes over

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is a proposed law in the country of Malawi which makes it illegal to fart in public.

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Friday – Review Packet

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Monday – Sleep in cause there’s NO SCHOOL!!

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Tuesday – Computer Lab for ILPs

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Wednesday – Review/Review Game

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Thursday – TEST

Chapter 11 Section 3

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Europeans began to look at other places to control besides Africa. They focused on what was left of the Ottoman Empire. ◦ Land surrounding the Mediterranean Sea.

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The declining Ottoman Empire had difficulties trying to fit into the modern world. If an effort to resist European imperialist powers, they made attempts to change. These efforts failed. Europeans began to look for ways to take the Ottoman’s lands.

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Geopolitics – an interest in or taking of land for its strategic location or products. Geopolitics played a huge role in the desire for the Ottoman Empire. World powers were attracted to its strategic location. ◦ Access to Mediterranean Sea ◦ Asian countries had to cross their land to get to the Mediterranean ◦ Discovery of oil (after WWI) in Persia and the Arabian Peninsula

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In an attempt to gain land on the Black Sea, Russian czars continuously started wars with the Ottomans. 1853 – Crimean War began. ◦ Russians v. Ottomans ◦ Britain and France help the Ottomans to prevent further Russian advancement. ◦ Russia lost.

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First war to be published in newspapers. First war where women established positions as army nurses. ◦ Ex. Florence Nightingale

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Despite the help of the British and French the Ottoman Empire continued to decline.

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The Crimean War illustrates geopolitics because it involved… ◦ a. an interest in taking land for strategic purpose ◦ b. war for independence ◦ c. civil war ◦ d. war for unification of states into one country

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Turn to page 354 in your book to complete the rest of your notes.

Look in these sections… ◦ ◦ ◦ ◦

Egypt Initiates Reforms Military and Economic Reforms The Suez Canal Battle over Tobacco (page 356, last paragraph)

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Based on the Ottoman Empire’s decline, some Muslim leaders felt they had no choice but to adjust to the modern world. Egypt initiated political and social reforms, partially to block European domination.

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Egypt’s location at the head of the Red Sea appeared valuable to both France and Britain. Muhammad Ali led Egypt and initiated many reforms for their military and economy. ◦ Pushed Egyptians to grow a cash crop – cotton

 Peasants lost substantial land needed to grow their food crops.

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The Suez Canal was a human-made waterway that connected the Red Sea to the Mediterranean

◦ Importance = Waterway between Europe and Indian Ocean without rounding Africa.

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The Suez Canal was very expensive (450 million) to build and Egypt was in great debt. ◦ Egypt could not even pay the interest on the debt.

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Overseeing the debt, the British occupied Egypt in 1882.

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In the Muslim lands, many European imperialists gained control by using economic imperialism and creating spheres of influence. Although some governments attempted to modernize their nations, it was usually too little too late. In other areas of the globe, imperialists provided the modernization.

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What two countries saw value in Egypt’s location? A. B. C. D.

Germany and United States China and India France and Britain France and United States

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What cash crop did Muhammad Ali push Egyptians to grow? A. B. C. D.

Tobacco Cotton Corn Rice

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Why would the Suez Canal be important? ◦ It allowed ships to travel to the Indian Ocean from the Meditteranean Sea without having to go around Africa ◦ It would help Africans assimilate into European culture by being able to work jobs in constructing the canal ◦ It allowed ships to travel to the Atlantic Ocean from places like Egypt and Turkey

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How did Britain eventually gain control of Egypt? ◦ Military victories ◦ Securing the Suez Canal through a secret deal with the Ottoman Empire ◦ Egypt could not pay the debt on the Suez Canal ◦ Chuck Norris was involved