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Biology A: Unit 1 & 2 Test Review 1. Define hypothesis, theory and law. Hypothesis: A proposed explanation of observations based on previous knowledge Theory: A collection of supported hypotheses based on scientific data and evidence Law: An explanation of a broad set of ideas based on scientific data and evidence under specific conditions 2. What makes a hypothesis testable? A hypothesis must have the ability to be readily replicated by additional members of science 3. What are steps of the scientific method? Write them in order. Step 1: Make an observation about the natural world Step 2: Form a hypothesis to explain your observation based on previous knowledge Step 3: Design and conduct a controlled experiment to test your hypothesis Step 4: Collect data and observations from your experiment Step 5: Analyze and interpret the data from your experiment Step 6: Draw conclusions based on your data and observations collected Step 7: If data does not support your hypothesis, modify your hypothesis and/or experimental procedure 4. What is an independent variable? What is a dependent variable? Independent Variable: The variable that is manipulated and altered within the experiment Dependent Variable: The variable that is being measured and recorded with your data 5. What is a controlled experiment? A controlled experiment is an experiment in which only one variable is being manipulated or changed at a time 6. List the characteristics of life 1: All forms of life have a genetic code (DNA / RNA) 2: All forms of life grow and develop 3: All forms of life respond to stimuli 4: All forms of life are composed of one or more cells 5: All forms of life reproduce through sexual or asexual means 6: All forms of life maintain a stable internal set of conditions through homeostasis 7: All forms of life require and use energy and materials 8: All forms of life evolve over time 7. What are the 6 common elements found in living things? Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen or just remember PONCHOS! Nitrogen Phosphorous Sulfur

8. Fill in the following chart. What are the 3 subatomic particles? What is the charge of each? Where are they located? Sub-atomic particle Protons Neutrons

Charge Positive Neutral

Electrons

Negative

Location Nucleus of atom Nucleus of atom Electron cloud outside nucleus of atom

9. Explain the following properties of water in your own words: a. Cohesion – The tendency of molecules to “stick” to similar molecules; water sticking to water b. Adhesion – The tendency of molecules to “stick” to different molecules; water sticking to a glass c. Surface tension – The force created by water molecules between the surface of water and the air above 10. Fill in the blank with the term that describes the following pH ranges. a. pH 0-6: Acidic b. pH 7: Neutral c. pH 8-14: Basic 11. Why is carbon important to living things? List at least 3 characteristics that we discussed in class. Carbon can have four bonds Carbon can form long carbon-to-carbon chains Carbon can form ring structures 12. Which type of macromolecule are enzymes? Enzymes are classified as a type of protein 13. How do enzymes affect a reaction? Enzymes speed up chemical reactions 14. Fill out the macromolecule graphic organizer on the next page.

Carbohydrate

Lipid

What it’s made up of

Common Names

Composed of ___Elements

Function in Organism

Monosaccharides

Sugar, starch, fiber

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Short-term energy storage

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen

Long-term, energy storage, cell membrane, chemical signals

Fatty acids & glycerol

Fats & oils

Protein

Amino Acids

Proteins

Nucleic Acid

Phosphate, sugar, nitrogen base

DNA / RNA

Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, Nitrogen, Phosphorous, Sulfur

Workers of the body

Stores all genetic information