Folie 1 - Stefan.Schleicher(a)wifo.at

Geopolitics of Energy United States of America Russian Federation People´s Republic of China

KS Energy and Sustainable Development, SS 2011 Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

USA

Energy Consumption USA Austria

8,000 kilo oil equivalent 4,000 kilo oil equivalent

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 2

USA

Energy Production

Source: U.S. Energy Information Administration

Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 3

USA

Import & Export • 24% of consumed energy is imported energy

Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 4

Geopolitical strategies

USA

The gulf region

• 2010:

30 % of global oil production 55 % of global oil reserves

• dependence of industrialized countries • influence on bordering countries – containment of russian and chinese interests Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 5

Geopolitical strategies

USA

Nabucco-Pipeline

• from Azerbaijan to Austria • influence balance of forces in the Middle-East & Central Asia • power of Russia could be reduced

• USA tries to improve their relations to the participating countries Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 6

Energy Consumption

Russian Federation

• Total energy consumption: 686,757 kt of oil equivalent • Energy consumption per capita: 4,838 t of oil equivalent • Total consumption of electricity enrgy: 725,460 GWh • Total consumption of heat energy: 4,757,649 TJ Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 7

Energy Production

Russian Federation

• Total energy production: 1,253,922 kt of oil equivalent

Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 8

Imports & Exports

Russian Federation

• 2nd largest exporter of oil (largest non-OPEC member) – 5,43 million bbl/day (2009) • Largest exporter of natural gas – 179,1 billion m³ (2009)

• Russia is energetically selfsustained Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 9

Russian Federation

European reliance on Natural Gas • Interruptions in gas supplies because of disputes between Russia and the Ukraine in January 2009 • „North Stream“ and „South Stream“ pipeline projects should establish a direct connection between Russia and the EU • Competition in form of the Nabucco pipeline, which circumvents Russia Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 10

Russian Federation

Russia as an energy superpower • High dependence of neighbors on russian energy exports • Russia uses this dependence as a policy tool to influence its neighboring states • Race for the Arctic Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 11

Cooperation with China

Russian Federation

• Pipeline project valued at $ 25 M which connects Russia and China • Russia brings oil on the AsianPacific market • Reduction of the reliance on European trading partners while simultaneously opening new markets Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 12

Republic of China many ressources 1.3 billion people Energy self sufficent untill 1993 enormous growth rates, energy production could not keep pace growing purchasing power through industrialisation BRICS Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 13

China

Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 14

Brazilian Pipeline

China

1050 km pipeline to connect south-east and north-east Brazil export-corridor 900 million USD loan to Brazil, half the sum in Yuan repaid in oil

Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 15

Venezuela Joint Venture

China

contract between Petróleos de Venezuela and China National Petroleum Corporation exploration, production, oil marketing and transportation 50.000 barrels/day in 2012 400.000 barrels/day in 2016 for 25 years

Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 16

China

Angola Angola provides 25% of Chinas oil Imports China International Fund Ltd Imex Bank Luand International Airport Hydro Power Plants Railway … little influence of IMF, because of chinese Investment

Geopolitics of energy

Martin Guggenberger, Kerstin Schopf, Anton Sentic

Pagina 17