GCSE PE Revision

GCSE PE Revision

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An Introduction to Physical Education

Competence Performance Creativity Healthy, Active Lifestyles 

Key Concepts

This involves the skills you learn and how you apply them. It is also about how ready you are in body and mind to perform them.  E.g. In football you should learn how to pass  E.g. Knowing when to shoot in basketball  In Netball not getting out of breath after 5 mins Remember S - Skills A - Apply R - Readiness 

Competence

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Producing effective outcomes when participating in physical activities. Performing well – being physically able and having good skills Knowing what is required to perform skills well E.g. read a game of football well and make a successful pass at the right time

Performance

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Exploring and experimenting with techniques, tactics and ideas in order to do well. Using your imagination E.g. trying out different tactics in badminton to see what works well E.g. linking a set of skills together in a imaginative way in gymnastics

Creativity

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Understanding the purpose of physical activity in making us healthy. Understanding that exercise makes you fitter and happier. E.g. taking part in a regular hockey session would make you fitter.

Healthy, Active Lifestyles

Running Jumping Throwing Kicking Hitting Catching 

Fundamental Motor Skills

Decisions made by: Participants Coaches/Leaders Officials

Decision Making

Rules protect players, leaders and officials.  If rules are followed accidents are less likely to occur.  Rules ensure fair play.  Rules make the game more enjoyable.  Etiquette in sport is known as sportsmanship. This is a code of behaviour that compliments the rules. 

Abiding by the rules, etiquette and sportsmanship

Cardiovascular Endurance or Stamina  Muscular Endurance  Speed  Strength  Flexibility 

The Components of Fitness and a Healthy Balanced Lifestyle

Warm Up  Prepares the body and mind for exercise.  Decreases the chance of injury.  Reduces the likelihood of muscle soreness.  Increase in muscle temperature helps ensure there is more energy  And therefore muscles are more flexible.  Improves speed and strength of muscular contraction.

Cool Down  Speeds up removal of lactic acid.  Decreases the risk of injury.  Reduces the likelihood of muscle soreness/aches.  Prevents blood pooling.  Prevents fatigue.  Prevents dizziness.  Gradually reduces heart rate/breathing rate/temperature.

The Importance of Warming Up and Cooling Down

Efficiency – not wasting energy  Pre-determined – knowing what you want to achieve  Coordinated – linking things together well  Fluent – movements are flowing and smooth  Aesthetic – skills look good 

E.g. A badminton serve beats the opponent and lands inside the court E.g. A gymnastics routine is fluent and coordinated

The Characteristics of Skilful Movement

Setting goals:  Motivates people to exercise  Helps improve performance  Can increase confidence  Controls anxiety/worry  There are two types of goal:  Performance Goal  Outcome Goal

Goal Setting

Performance Goals  Relate directly to improving the performance of the technique or tactic.  E.g. improve running technique in sprinting Outcome Goals  Are concerned with the end result.  E.g. to win a football match

Performance and Outcome Goals

To assess whether someone is ready for exercise you must first assess them. One way is by Health Screening e.g.  BMI (testing the body mass index or body composition) 

weight / height squared

Testing cholesterol, blood glucose and iron levels  Heart rate/resting heart rate – ideal is between 60 and 80  Blood pressure – normal is 120/80  Family history Use a PARQ – Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire 

Assessing the Body’s Readiness for Exercise

To assess whether someone is ready for exercise you must first assess them. Another way is by Fitness Testing e.g.  Assessing Cardiovascular Endurance or Stamina (test for V02 Max) – Multistage Fitness Test or 12 Minute Cooper Run  Assessing Strength – Grip Strength Dynamometer (squeeze it as hard as possible).  Assessing Speed – 30m Sprint  Assessing Flexibility – Sit and Reach Test Tests must be reliable and valid – check equipment is working, make sure it is measured accurately and consistently.

Assessing the Body’s Readiness for Exercise

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Carbohydrates – 

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Fats – 

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essential for good health e.g. calcium for healthy bones and teeth found in dairy products such as milk

Water – 

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prevents disease and illness e.g. fruit

Minerals – 

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essential for growth and repair of tissue e.g. meat

Vitamins – 

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give us energy, protect vital organs e.g. cakes , oily fish

Proteins – 

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give us energy e.g. pasta

helps remove waste products, regulates body temperature, prevents dizziness and fatigue

Fibre – 

helps digestion e.g. cereal, vegetables

Components of a Healthy Diet

Eating a healthy, balanced diet  Maintaining a balance of food intake and energy expenditure (exercise)  Regular exercise – government recommends 1 hour on 5 or more days a week  Maintaining a healthy body weight  Not Smoking  Sensible Alcohol Consumption  Maintain low levels of stress 

Characteristics of a Healthy Lifestyle

Age – discrimination, lack of confidence  Gender – stereotyping, discrimination, less women take part  Disability – lack of facilities, lack of confidence  Alcohol Consumption  Smoking – get out of breath, illnesses, less stamina  Over/Under Eating – too heavy, not enough energy, lack of motivation  Performance Enhancing Drugs – addiction, depression, disqualification, banned from sport, death 

Factors Affecting Performance and Participation

Satisfaction with Aspects of Life  Frequency of Positive and Negative Feelings  Frequency of Activities that have a Positive Affect on Well-Being  Access to Green Space  Level of Participation in Activities  Positive Mental Health 

Indicators of Health and Well-Being

Circuit Training  Aerobics (Body Pump, Spinning, Dance Exercise)  Aqua Aerobics  Yoga  Pilates  Continuous Training 

Methods of Exercise and Training

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3/4 adults have taken part in some sport, game or physical activity in the last 12 months.

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In terms of participation the 5 most popular sports amongst adults in the UK are: o Walking 46% o Swimming 35% o Keep Fit/Yoga 22% o Cycling 19% o Cue Sports (Snooker/Pool) 17%

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Participation rates by gender and age: o 51% Men and 36% Women participate in regular exercise o 44% Men and 31% Women belong to a sports club o 40% Men and 14% Women enter sporting competitions

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Women’s participation in football and rugby are now much higher than in the past and this is on the rise.

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The proportion of adults who take part in at least one sport generally decreases with age. o 77% of 16 – 19 year olds take part in at least sport o 30% of 70+ year olds take part in at least 1 sport

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Participation in some activities is strongly related to age: o Soccer, cue sports, running and cycling are more popular amongst younger age groups o Golf is popular amongst adults with an average age of 42 but many adults up to 69 take part o Swimming/keep fit/yoga is popular amongst adults between 16 and 44 but this then declines o Bowls is popular amongst adults between 60 and 69 years old

Levels of Participation in the UK

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Health Reasons To manage stress To feel good To have a good sense of well-being To live longer To improve or maintain an image For enjoyment To meet new people or to make friends As a hobby To please or to copy parents or role models To make money or as a job

Reasons for Participation

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Health Reasons Disability Injury Discrimination Lack of Time/Other Pressures Cultural Peer Pressure Technology Lack of Confidence Lack of encouragement or Positive Influences Lack of Opportunities due to Facilities Lack of Money

Reasons for Non-Participation

Access to facilities  Ethnicity  Religion  Environment  Climate  Cultural barriers  Funding barriers  Time  Resources  Peer Pressure 

Social, Cultural and Locational Reasons Affecting Participation

PE Lessons  Extra-Curricular Sports Clubs  Exam Courses e.g. GCSE PE  Links with Local Sports Clubs  The National Curriculum – it is compulsory  Health Awareness Programmes  Provides opportunities for children to follow the key processes in physical education (as mentioned earlier) 

School Influences on Participation

Regular involvement in PE, Sport and Dance  Take part in school and community sport and dance opportunities  To gain a qualification as a performer, leader or official  Being involved in challenging and complex tasks  Reaching the highest possible standards  Pursuing routes into sport through volunteering 

Pathways for Involvement in Physical Activity