Lymphatic & Immune Systems

Chapter 13 Lymphatic System

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LEARNING OUTCOMES 13.1 The Lymphatic System Describe three major functions of the lymphatic system. Distinguish between the roles of primary and secondary lymphoid organs, and list examples of each. 13.2 Innate Immunity List examples of physical and chemical barriers to infection. Describe how an inflammatory response can be initiated. Explain the major activities of phagocytes and natural killer cells. Discuss the three main functions of the complement system. 13.3 Adaptive Immunity Describe the major steps in the generation of antigen receptor diversity. Compare and contrast the activities of B cells versus T cells. Describe the basic structure of an antibody molecule, and explain the different functions of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE. Distinguish between the functions of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells, and explain the role of MHC molecules in these responses.

LEARNING OUTCOMES 13.4 Active Versus Passive Immunity Distinguish between active and passive immunity. Describe some specific clinical applications of cytokine therapies. Explain the major steps in the production of monoclonal antibodies, and some of their practical uses. 13.5 Adverse Effects of Immune Responses Discuss the most common immunological mechanisms responsible for allergies. Compare the adverse reactions involving the ABO blood system with those involving the Rh system. Explain the types of precautions that must be taken when transplanting organs. 13.6 Disorders of the Immune System Define autoimmune disease, and list several specific examples of these diseases. Differentiate between acquired and congenital immunodeficiencies.

What is lymph anyway? Lymph… fluid that leaks out of capillaries into “interstitial spaces” due to pressure gradients.

10mmHg

0mmHg

30mmHg

0mmHg

Blood colloid osmotic pressure opposes this flow 90% of fluid returns to blood, remaining lymph then gathers in lymph vessels, eventually returning to the blood

How does lymph get back into the blood? 1) Enters lymph capillaries (no basement membrane and only loosely associated epithelia) 2) capillaries form lymph vessels 3) lymph vessels have one-way valves

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Fig. 13.1

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LEARNING OUTCOMES 13.1 The Lymphatic System Describe three major functions of the lymphatic system. Distinguish between the roles of primary and secondary lymphoid organs, and list examples of each.

Fig. 13.2

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Fig. 13.3

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Fig. 13.4

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Fig. 13.5

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LEARNING OUTCOMES 13.2 Innate Immunity List examples of physical and chemical barriers to infection. Describe how an inflammatory response can be initiated. Explain the major activities of phagocytes and natural killer cells. Discuss the three main functions of the complement system.

Fig. 13.6

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Table 13.1

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Fig. 13.7

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Fig. 13.8

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LEARNING OUTCOMES 13.3 Adaptive Immunity Describe the major steps in the generation of antigen receptor diversity.

Compare and contrast the activities of B cells versus T cells. Describe the basic structure of an antibody molecule, and explain the different functions of IgG, IgA, IgM, and IgE. Distinguish between the functions of helper T cells and cytotoxic T cells, and explain the role of MHC molecules in these responses.

Fig. 13.A

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Fig. 13.9

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Fig. 13.10

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Fig. 13.11

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LEARNING OUTCOMES 13.4 Active Versus Passive Immunity Distinguish between active and passive immunity. Describe some specific clinical applications of cytokine therapies. Explain the major steps in the production of monoclonal antibodies, and some of their practical uses.

Fig. 13.12

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Fig. 13B

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Fig. 13.13

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Fig. 13.14

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LEARNING OUTCOMES 13.5 Adverse Effects of Immune Responses Discuss the most common immunological mechanisms responsible for allergies.

Compare the adverse reactions involving the ABO blood system with those involving the Rh system. Explain the types of precautions that must be taken when transplanting organs.

LEARNING OUTCOMES 13.6 Disorders of the Immune System Define autoimmune disease, and list several specific examples of these diseases.

Differentiate between acquired and congenital immunodeficiencies.

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