Lymphatic System and immunity

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By Sheena Yvarra & Taylah Montgomery

General Functions Removes excess fluid from tissues and transports it into the bloodstream  Absorbs fats from small intestine  Helps defend the body against disease-causing agents 

Major Organs Spleen  Thymus 

Thymus

Spleen

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Spleen Largest lymphatic organ  FUNCTIONS: 

foreign particles and damaged red blood cells from blood

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 Contains many macrophages, which filter

Thymus 

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Relatively large during infancy and early childhood; shrinks after puberty FUNCTIONS:  Contains inactive

lymphocytes and turn them into mature or active T cells  T cells (T lymphocytes) leave thymus & provide immunity *Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells

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Lymphatic Pathway Lymphatic Capillary Lymphatic Vessel Lymph Node Lymphatic Vessel Lymphatic Trunk

Collecting Duct 

Lymphatic vessels- transport lymph(fluid) throughout body

Subclavian Vein

Lymphatic Pathway 

Lymphatic Ducts:  Thoracic  Right Lymphatic

**Thoracic duct is larger and longer; lower limbs, abdomen, left side of body *Right Lymphatic receives lymph from right side of head and neck

Lymph Nodes    

Vary in size and shape Usually less than 2.5 cm long Bean shaped FUNCTIONS:  Filters potentially harmful particles

from lymph before returning it to the bloodstream  Centers for production of lymphocytes, and they also contain phagocytic cells

*Lymphocytes- white blood cell that attack invading viruses, bacteria, and other parasitic cells

5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins) Antibodies- special proteins that fight off and destroy disease-causing germs

Antigen- foreign substance introduced into the body and causes immune response; molecules produced by the body

1.

2.

3.

Immunoglobulin G (IgG)  is in tissue fluid and plasma and defends against bacterial cells, viruses, and toxins and activates complement, a group of immune system enzymes Immunoglobulin A (IgA)  is in exocrine gland secretions (breast milk, saliva, tears) and defends against bacteria and viruses. Immunoglobulin M (IgM)  is found in plasma and activates complement and reacts with blood cells during transfusions.

5 Types of Antibodies (Immunoglobulins)

4. Immunoglobulin D (IgD) 



Found on surface of B cells, especially those of infants Activate B cells

5. Immunoglobulin E (IgE)  is found in exocrine gland

secretions and promotes allergic reactions

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Immune Responses 

First reaction to an antigen is called a primary immune response  during this response, antibodies are produced for

several weeks  some B cells remain dormant as memory cells 

Secondary immune response occurs rapidly as a result of memory cell response if the same antigen is encountered http://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/mph-modules/eh/eh_immunity_b/AdaptiveImmunityMemory.png

Active vs Passive Immunity 

Active immunity  person produces antibodies in

response to the presence of antigen  Long-term immunity 

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Passive immunity  Person receives antibodies

produced by another individual  Short-term immunity http://www.stmary.ws/highschool/science/humanbio/q3/q3%20pictures/passive%20immunity.gif

Vaccination Vaccine produces another type of active immunity  helps protect against infectious disease by exposing you to a mild or dead version of the germ  Makes your body build up protection in the form of antibodies 

Antigens that cause allergic response is called allergens  Allergic response is an immune attack against a nonharmful substance, like chocolate  Sensitize lymphocytes and antibodies may bind antigens  Can damage tissues  Can be dangerous and lifethreatening 

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Allergic Reactions

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Tissue Rejection Reaction Recipient’s immune system may recognize donor’s cell surfaces as foreign and attempt to destroy the transplanted tissue  Matching donor and recipient tissues can minimize the rejection reaction 

Autoimmunity immune system fails to distinguish self from nonself antigens  Produces autoantibodies and cytotoxic T cells that attack and damage the body’s tissues and organs 

**Self antigen- antigen that originates within the body ** Nonself antigen- foreign antigens not originally within the body

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Lymphedema  Chronic swelling of the

limbs caused by the accumulation of lymph fluid 

Hodgkin’s lymphoma  Type of cancer that typically

occurs when the white blood cells become diseased or damaged

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Diseases

Works Cited 

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http://glencoe.mcgrawhill.com/sites/0218378151/student_view0/chapter14/study_outline.h tml http://www.livescience.com/26983-lymphatic-system.html