Medieval England and France

Medieval England and France SOL WH1.

England Formerly part of the Roman Empire

Settled by many groups of people, including Angles and Saxons Small, isolated island nation Gradually becomes Christian

Medieval Europe

Crisis Over the Crown 1066 C.E.—King Edward the Confessor died childless Conflict over who was to be King of England

Harold Godwinson Earl of Wessex

Most powerful noble in England Elected by the nobility and crowned King of England

Harold Hardrada Viking warrior

King of Norway Claimed Edward’s predecessor had promised him the crown

William the Conqueror Duke of Normandy (area of northern France) Claimed he was promised the crown of England by Edward the Confessor

Invaded England in 1066 C.E.

The Norman Invasion Battle between Harold Hardrada and Harold Godwinson at York—Godwinson wins! Battle of Hastings—William the Conqueror defeats Harold Godwinson and becomes King

Blending of French and Anglo-Saxon cultures and language

Reforming the Nation William the Conqueror Made every subject swear their loyalty to him Creates an effective system of taxation

Henry II Common law—legal system based on custom and court rulings Trial by jury

Magna Carta King John of England abused his power and levied heavy taxes = rebellion! 1215 C.E.—King John signed the Magna Carta (Great Charter)

Established the Great Council (Parliament), which made all decisions regarding money and taxes Limited royal power

France Founded by the Franks—a tribe of farmers and herders from western Europe Elected kings Clovis, King of the Franks conquered Gaul in 486 C.E. Converted to Christianity

Age of Charlemagne Conquered much of the old western Roman Empire

Named “Holy Roman Emperor” by the Pope

The Church becomes a powerful political force

The Carolingian Renaissance Renaissance = rebirth

Under Charlemagne, a new age of learning and education emerged Brought scholars from across Europe to the Palace School at Aachen Literature, art, architecture, and the liberal arts flourished

Division of France

France Charlemagne’s son Louis reunited France 987 C.E. – Hugh Capet is elected King of France Slowly increased territory and royal power

The Hundred Year’s War 1337-1453 C.E. (116 years) Edward III of England claimed the French crown Mother had been a French princess

Fought for control of the English Channel

Joan of Arc 17 year-old French peasant who believed God had sent her to save France Led the French army in battle Served as an inspiration to French troops Captured and burned to death by the English

An End to War France Used cannons to defeat the English The death of Joan of Arc rallied the French army Increased nationalism (pride in one’s country) Increased power of the king

England The longbow was an efficient weapon early in the war Power shifted toward Parliament

Lost all land in France except Calais

Pictures - England Medieval England http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/historical/shepherd/britain_settlement_600_1923.jp g Edward the Confessor Stained Glass http://www.earlybritishkingdoms.com/adversaries/bios/images/edward_confessor.jpg Harold Godwnison Being Crowned http://heraldictimes.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/image-4.jpg Harold Hardrada

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/0/03/Harold_bayeux_tapestry.png William the Conqueror http://www.essentially-england.com/images/william_1_from_bayeux_tapestry.jpg English Flag http://littlelakeview.files.wordpress.com/2009/02/english-flag.gif

Pictures - France Clovis: http://www.templaricavalieri.it/images/merovingi_clovis_I_di_francois_louis_dejuinne_museo_na zionale_del_castello_e_di_trianons_versailles.gif Charlemagne: http://www.mtholyoke.edu/courses/nvaget/230/imagespre-MA/charlemagne.jpg Carolingian France Map: http://www.historiasiglo20.org/MEC-BC/images/charlemagne1.jpg Post-Charlemagne France: http://www.uoregon.edu/~kimball/images/0814.CharlemagneCWA.152.jpg

French Flag: http://www.clockworksky.net/cliveless_world/france_flag.png Hundred Years’ War Cartoon: http://www.wordinfo.info/words/images/Eng-hist-20B-100-yrswar.gif Hundred Years War Painting: http://www.tustin.k12.ca.us/cyberseminar/soc/seven/hundredyearswar.jpg Joan of Arc Statue, New Orleans: Personal Photograph