Paris Ile De France: Unregulated Competitive Decentralization

Paris Ile de France, Unregulated competitive decentralization

Christian Lefèvre, Université Paris-Est, Institut Français d’Urbanisme, LATTS

Regional Studies Association Research Network Governing Metropolitan regions within a Localist Agenda: London, Paris and Berlin Second Seminar: 22nd February, 2013 Institutional and policy issues: Articulating scales

3 major periods  1950-80s : State-led metropolis  1980-00s: Unfinished decentralization  2000-today: Unregulated competitive Decentralization

1950-80s : a State-led metropolis  Major Developments - La Défense - Public Transport and road network - Major housing schemes - universities, etc.  New public agencies and public corporations - DATAR - AFTRP - IAURP - District de la région de Paris

1980-00s: Unfinished decentralization  1982-1983: Decentralization Acts and creation of Regions

 Ile de France as an exception: Planning and Public Transport not transfered to local governments

2000-today: Unregulated competitive Decentralization  New powers to the Regional Council

 Too many players: extreme fragmentation

 Concurrent initiatives for territorial leadership

New powers to the Regional Council

 STIF (Public Transport) is controlled by the Region

 A new master plan elaborated by the Regional Council

 State remains in control of transit operators

 State must approve the Master Plan

Too many players: extreme fragmentation The 1300 municipalities of the Ile de France

The 8 départements

Concurrent initiatives for territorial leadership  City of Paris: Metropolitan conference, Paris Métropole and Metropolitan pole

 The State: the Grand Paris project

 Regional Council: Reluctance to participate and not very present

City of Paris: Metropolitan conference 2006-2009

Paris Métropole: 2009

Paris Métropole in 2012

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Metropolitan Pole?

The State: the Grand Paris project  OIN

 Grand Paris Transport

 The Grand Paris Act (2010)

The OIN (Zones of National Interest) in the Ile de France region

The Grand Paris Transport project

CONCLUSION  Competitive Decentralization

 Conflicts of vision and territorial leadership

 No legitimate leader

 No places for dialogue, mediation and negotiation