Social exclusion v? Social inclusion

Social exclusion v? Social inclusion Dzhevid Mahmud

CITIZEN PARTICIPATION UNIVERSITY 2014

First ever excluded were? 

Adam and Eve

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It brings to self-identification

What? Oxford dictionary 

Exclusion from the prevailing social system and its rights and privileges, typically as a result of poverty or the fact of belonging to a minority social group.

Ilo.org 

Both a process and state that prevents individuals or groups from full participation in social, economic and political life and from asserting their rights

Different from M-W 

Discrimination- the practice of unfairly treating a person or group of people differently from other people or groups of people

Ilo.org 

Marginalization- being well aside from the center (between integration and social-exclusion)

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Social inclusion is the process by which the exclusionary processes and relationships that contribute to social exclusion are addressed.

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The goal: growth , improved welfare and, ultimately development

Different Oxford dictionary

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Integration- the act or process of mixing people who have previously been separated, usually because of colour, race, religion, etc:

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Partnership: is a process by which different types of actors (public sector, private sector) agree to work together to implement a plan of action, a programme or a joint project through strategies and actions.

Why partnership is important?

– it is a growth process, builds relationships, people get to know each other, plan and act together. Equally share roles, and responsibilities. Brings to more transparency, gives clarity to power relations.

Who ?

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Social exclusion can affect anyone . But certain groups, are at greater risk to suffer from it.

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Low income, family conflict, low quality education, older people, younger people, ethnic minorities, living in deprived neighborhood, rural areas.

Types of exclusion:

Social Exclusion  Exclusion from the Economy/Production  Exclusion from Politics  Exclusion from Social Participation  Geographic Exclusion 

Indicators of the extent of exclusion:

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Economic Training and education Employment and income Housing and accommodation Health care Information , communication technology (ICT) Culture

Why exclusion occurs?

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Economic changes, globalization, regime change, Polarized communities, Discrimination Bad governmental policies- education, employment, social housing, no focus on outcomes, lack of evidence based policies I.E. Institution are setting high criteria for selection thus fortifying exclusion, or setting the budget in itself is process of exclusion.

Links between poverty and the environment

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Poor people live closely to nature; they are presumed to live essentially on the raw resources that nature provides

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As their productivity is very limited, poor people tend to have a lot of children as safety insurance on the one hand, and to raise their living standard on the other hand.

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Secondly, poor people don’t have a secure livelihood. In the countryside, poor farmers don’t have access to land tenure, so they are often forced for their

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survival to exploit marginal areas of forests or unfavorable areas in a way that is called “cut and run.”

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Thirdly, lack of financial resources forces them to resort to an informal but high interest capital market.

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Fourthly, poverty causes social problems. In developed countries, European suburban violence and black riots in the United States are caused mainly by problems associated with poverty.

Costs of exclusion 

It affects the individual and the society as a whole.

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Individual Deprivation from education Financial loss Hindered access to services Stress, health issues Lack of hope

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Societal

Social disparities  Higher crime rate  Reduced mobility  Economic losses  Welfare burden 

Where?

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Biggest income disparities – Latin America, SubSaharan Africa

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Europe- Non- Roma, Roma

What is Inclusion about?

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social protection maintaining minimum living standards, providing income support, providing employment opportunities and guarantees, improving access to services, including health and reducing occupational risks

How to combat exclusion?

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Prevention from exclusion and partnership in reinclusion, providing basic services

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All this possible only after- open policy making, partnership implementation, link between social and economic policies, focus on outcomes, than on the process, sustainable process

Reasons to do it: 

those affected

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intrinsic values

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materialization of rights

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high cost of exclusion

Role of actors: 

IGO’s

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Governments

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Civil Society -INGO’s, National, Local,

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Business

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Media

Exemplary areas to work:

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Children, families and schools; Skills, jobs and income; Homes, neighborhoods and communities; Race; Crime; Older people; and Health and disability

Activities:

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On prevention, motivation, training, information, monitoring, mediation and negotiation, interaction and partnership.

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Awareness raising on the existence and the need to combat the exclusion

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challenge existing power relations, publicprivate, business- unemployed, associations of excluded groups

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efforts to build positive image, emancipation of the excluded, work on prevention

Roma Inclusion:

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4 key areasEducation: ensuring that all Roma children complete primary school; Employment: cutting the employment gap between Roma and other citizens; Health: reducing the gap in health status between the Roma and the general population; Housing: closing the gap in access to housing and public utilities such as water and electricity.

National strategies for Roma inclusion

Decade of Roma Inclusion 

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Goal: To eliminate discrimination against Roma and close the unacceptable gaps between Roma and the rest of society. To improve the socio-economic status and social inclusion of the Romani minority across the region

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www.romadecade.org

Roma Education Fund

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Goal is to close the gap in educational outcomes between Roma and non-Roma

http://www.romaeducationfund.hu/ref-one-page

Objectives

access to compulsory education  Improving the quality of education  Implementing integration and desegregation  Expanding access to pre-school education  Increasing access to secondary, post secondary and adult education 

REF runs five major programs:

Project Support Program  REF Scholarship Program  Policy Development and Capacity Building Program  Communication and Cross Country Learning Program  Reimbursable Grant Program 

OSI Roma Initiatives Office

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Support- advocacy campaigns, support for civil society, capacity building, training, internships at EC, EP, COE, RAP at CEU, in promotion of positive image of Roma, and intercultural dialog

Food for thought:

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Exclusion through inclusion?!

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Inclusion through exclusion?!

Arnstein, Sherry R. "A Ladder of Citizen Participation," JAIP

Thank you Q&A