The Election of 1916
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The Election of 1916 Taylor Good POLI 423
Aftermath of 1912 Election Wilson defeats a divided
Republican party Teddy Roosevelt becomes jaded and does not wish to return to campaigning The Progressive Party loses
hope for national candidacy
Washington D.C. after the Congressional Election of 1914 Incumbent Woodrow Wilson (D) in White House, eligible for
re-election First Democratic President since 1896
Democratic party controlled House of Representatives 230-
196-9 (D-R-3rd) and Senate 56-40 (D-R)
Issues Social Policy Prohibition Suffrage Women’s Suffrage Tariffs 8 Hour Work Day
Foreign Policy Intervention in Europe
(WWI) Military preparedness Conflict with Mexico “Hyphenism”
Democratic Nominating Convention Wilson was widely regarded as the unanimous candidate Was virtually unopposed in primaries
Thomas R. Marshall, Wilson’s current Vice President, was
also re-nominated unopposed
Republican Pre-Convention Conservative base supports Elihu Root
Teddy Roosevelt, at first spurning nomination by any party,
decides to run without appearing to do so Hughes support based on sentiments that Hughes was the only candidate who could beat Wilson Several favorite sons and other favored candidates: Charles Fairbanks, Theodore E. Burton, Albert B. Cummins, Robert La Follette, Leonard Wood
Republican Primaries Charles Hughes and Teddy Roosevelt refused to allow their
names be printed on primary ballots A large amount of support for unrealistic favorite sons resulted
Despite the primaries, from polls it was apparent that the
two real contenders were Hughes and Roosevelt 6,234 votes Roosevelt, 3,220 Hughes (n = 13,258) from a poll
by the Minneapolis Journal 758 Hughes, 275 Roosevelt, 138 Root (n = 1,500) from a Literary Digest poll
Republican Nominating Convention
Threat of Progressive split forced support away from Root Progressives held nominating convention at the same time in Chicago Progressives threatened to nominate a candidate if Republicans did not nominate a candidate who appealed to Progressives
Hughes was nominated despite no early indication that he would accept nomination or what his stance was on the issues
Hughes won the nomination within 3 ballots
Fairbanks secured Vice-Presidential nomination was well-liked but not qualified enough in foreign affairs to stand out as Presidential nominee
Woodrow Wilson: The Incumbent Democratic Nominee Devoutly religious Father was co-founder of
Southern Presbyterian Church in the United States
Intellectual and academic Taught law alongside Hughes
at New York Law School
Former President of
Princeton University Former Governor of New Jersey Incumbent President
Wilson’s Party Influence and Issue Stance Was instrumental in passing
Progressive reforms during first term Reduction of tariffs, anti-
child labor, income tax, established Federal Reserve
Known to be liberal and anti-
war but not a pacifist
Wanted war preparedness,
but did not want to enter war immediately
Had wide respect from the
Democratic party
Charles E. Hughes: The Republican Nominee Son of a Northern Baptist
Reverend Lawyer and Professor Reputation of having a cool, distant demeanor Former Governor of New York Secretary of State under Taft Associate Justice of the Supreme Court
Hughes Party Influence and Issue Stance Hughes was respected for being neither liberal nor
conservative Hughes had operated “independent” of the political scene as a member of the Supreme Court Hughes supported intervention in Europe, women’s suffrage, and protective tariffs
Campaign Strategy and Issue Emphasis: Democrat Democrats focused on
emphasizing liberal social legislation Campaign targeted Progressives who did not return to the Republican party and targeted the West “He Kept Us Out of War” Wilson was disinterested in campaigning across the country Attacked hyphenism Caused issues with Irish-
American, Catholic vote
Campaign Strategy and Issue Emphasis: Republican Silence on Wilson’s domestic policy Was a massive hurdle for Hughes
Was forced to appeal to peace-loving Progressives and
nationalists interested in war Failed to court key political supporters in California, Ohio Teddy Roosevelt campaigned for Hughes, delivered speeches supporting intervention
Election Results: Democratic Victory Despite winning a higher popular vote percentage when compared with the election of 1912, Wilson won fewer electoral votes in 1916 due to the unification of the Republican Party.
PV: 9,126,868-8,548,728 D-R 49.24%-46.12%
D-R
EV: 266 votes to win 277-254
D-R
52.2% -47.8%
D-R
Election Analysis Wilson had strong sectional support in the South and along the Mountain states, while Hughes had sectional support in the Northeast and Mid-North. Wilson picked up three states he had not won in the previous election: Ohio, New Hampshire, California. Victory hinged on California, whose PV margin was less than 4,000. Hughes was assumed to be the winner before the total vote count from California was transmitted east. Wilson appealed to the liberal vote and was able to capture Progressive and Western voters who were unwilling to support Hughes
Comparison between 1912 and 1916 Election of 1912
Election of 1916
Historical Significance and Future Impact Wilson became first Democratic President since Andrew
Jackson (1829-1837) to succeed himself Only time a Supreme Court Justice has been nominated for the office of the President Wilson later intervenes in Europe in 1917 Intervention is paramount to Allied victory Wilson advocates for League of Nations
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