The Renaissance - Menifee County Schools

The Renaissance 1300-1500

Terms, People, and Places to Know • Humanism

Patron

• Humanities

Perspective

• Petrarch

Leonardo da Vinci

• Florence

Michelangelo

• Raphael

Baladassare Castiglione

• Niccolo Machiavelli

A New Age • Expression in thought • Remarkable artist and thinkers • Renaissance means “rebirth” • 1300’s-1500s

Renaissance • Time of creativity and great change • Change in politics, social, economics and culture • Agricultural society to urban society • Trade is more important now • Reawakened interest in the classical learning of Greece and Rome. • Latin was the language of the church • Renaissance thinkers explored the richness and variety of human experience in the here and now. • Individual achievement • Renaissance Man: someone who was talented in many fields.

Expressing Humanism • Intellectual movement known as humanism. • Studied classical culture of Greece and Rome. • Focus more on worldly objects and not religious issues. • Education should stimulate the individuals creative powers. • Humanities: grammar, rhetoric, poetry and history. • Francesco Petrarch (PEE trahrk), Florentine who lived in the 1300’s, was a humanist, poet, and scholar. He is known as the father of Humanism.

CheckPoint

• What were the main characteristics of the Renaissance?

Italy • Renaissance began in Italy. • Italy was the center for the Roman Empire so the reawakening took place here. • Architectural remains, statues, and coins were all available for people to study. • Rome was also the seat of the Roman Catholic Churchpatron of the arts-and as the center of Catholicism Rome also served as an inspiration for religious themes used by artist and writers.

Location of Italy • Encouraged Trade • Extensive banking, manufacturing, and merchant workers developed to support trade.

City States • Italy was divided into many small city states. • Each city state was controlled by a powerful family and was dominated by wealthy and powerful merchant class.

Medici Family • Medici family of Florence was the richest merchants and bankers in Europe. • Cosimo de’ Medici gained control of the Floretine government in 1434. Lorenzo, grandson of Cosimo, is known as “the Magnificent” was a clever politician. He was also a generous patron of the arts. • Patron of the arts: financial supporter.

• Florence came to symbolize the energy and brilliance of the Italian Renaissance.

CheckPoint

• Why was Italy a favorable setting for the Renaissance?

Renaissance Art • Renaissance art reflected the ideas of humanism. • Portrayed religious themes-however they often set religious figures such as Jesus and Mary against classical Greek or Roman backgrounds. • Portraits: individual achievement • Sculptor Donatello created a life size statue of a soldier on horse back. First time any figure like this was done.

Techniques • Realism • Perspective: allowed artist to create realistic art • 3 Dimensional • Shading • New oil paints to reflect light

• Studied human anatomy • Drew while observing live models

Social Art • Architecture • Meant to blend beauty with utility and improvement of society.

• Columns, arches, domes

Leonardo Da Vinci • Curious • Sketches of nature and models • Dissected corpses to learn how bones and muscles work. • Mona Lisa • The Last Supper (experimented with new paint) • Artist

• Botany, anatomy, optics, music, architecture, and engineering • Flying machines, undersea boats

Michelangelo • Sculptor, engineer, painter, architect, and poet • Melancholy Genius: b/c of his work reflecting his many life long spiritual and artistic struggle. • David, Pieta (captures the sorrow of the Biblical Mary as she cradles her dead son Jesus on her knees). • Sistine Chapel

Sistine Chapel • 4 years to complete • Partially crippled • Depicted the biblical history of the world from the creation to the flood.

• Dome of St. Peters Cathedral in Rome.

Raphael • Had his own style that blended Christian and classical styles. • Madonna, Mother of Jesus • The School of Athens ( Raphael pictured an imaginary gathering of great thinkers and scientist, including Plato, Aristotle, Socrates, and the Arab philosopher Averroes. Also included are the greatest artist of the time: Michelangelo, Leonardo, and Raphael.)

Checkpoint

• How were Renaissance ideals reflected in the arts?

Writing • Castiglione • Most widely read handbook was The Book of the Courtier. • Baldassare Castiglione: describes the manners, skills, learning, and virtues that a member of the court should have. • Was educated, well mannered and a master in many fields from poetry to music to sports.

Castiglione Men

Women

• Athletic but not overactive

• Offers a balance to men

• Good at games but not a gambler

• She is graceful and kind

• Plays a musical instrument • Knows literature and history but is not arrogant.

• Lively but reserved • She is beautiful, “for outer beauty is the true sign of inner goodness.”

Machiavelli’s Prince • Niccolo Machiavelli wrote a guide for rulers on how to gain and maintain power. He did not discuss leadership in terms of high ideals like those before him. • The Prince looked real rulers in an age of ruthless power politics. The end justifies the means. • Use whatever methods were necessary to achieve their goals. • Deceit in politics is now referred to as “Machiavellian tactics.”

Checkpoint

• How did Renaissance writings express realism?

The Renaissance in the North • Terms, People, and Places: • Johann Gutenberg

Erasmus

• Flanders

Thomas More

• Albrecht Durer

Utopian

• Engraving

Shakespeare

• Vernacular

Printing Revolution • 1455 Johann Gutenberg of Germany printed the 1st complete edition of the Bible using the printing press. • Before the PP only a few 1,000 books • By 1500 15-20 million volumes procedure • Cheaper and easier • More people learned to read. • Knowledge about medicine, law, and mining • Books exposed educated Europeans to new ideas and new places.

Checkpoint

• What was the impact of the printing press?

Northern Renaissance artists • Began in the prosperous cities of Flanders, a region that included parts of present day northern France, Belgium, and the Netherlands. • From here the Renaissance spread to Spain, France, Germany, and England.

Flemish Painters • Jan Van Eyck in the 1400’s was one of the most important Flemish painters. • Portrayed townspeople as well as religious scenes around rich, realistic detail. • 1500’s Pieter Brugel used vibrant colors to portray lively scenes of peasant life. Nickname: Peasant Bruegel. • Drew religious and classical themes but set them against common people back ground. • 1600s Peter Paul Rubens blended realistic traditions with classical themes and artistic freedom of the Italian Renaissance. • Knowledge of mythology, the bible, and classical history.

Leonardo of the North • German painter Albrecht Durer • Interested in many things like Leonardo which earned him the nickname Leonardo of the North.

• Engraving • Portray religious upheaval

Checkpoint

• What themes did Northern Renaissance artist explore?

Northern Humanists and Writers • Stressed education and classical learning to bring about religious and moral reform. • Many wrote in Latin

• Many began writing in vernacular-everyday language of ordinary people.

Erasmus • Dutch Priest • Born 1466 • Important scholar of his day

• Greek addition to the bible. • Translation of the bible. • Open minded, show good will toward others. • Disturbed by the corruption of the church.

Sir Thomas More • Wanted social reform • Utopia: ideal society in which men and women live in peace and harmony. • All are educated • Justice is used to end crime not to get rid of the criminal.

Shakespeare Writes for All Time • 1590-1613: he wrote 37 plays • Complexity of the individual and the importance of the classics. • Common language • 1,700 words appeared for the 1st time

CheckPoint

• What Renaissance ideas did Shakespeare’s work address?