The United Nations System International Organizations
Nvard V. Manasian
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Foundations of the UN 1941,
The Atlantic Charter Security system and economic collaboration Sovereign equality of member states Five permanent members as a guarantee for the SC decisions The US to adopt the UN charter in 1945 50 states initially agree on the arrangements for a better world Nvard V. Manasian
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Underlying principles of the UN Charter States
shall refrain from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state Settle international disputes by peaceful means States are obliged to fulfill in good faith all the obligations assumed under the charter
Nvard V. Manasian
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Nvard V. Manasian
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The UN and World Politics
1946-50s emerging Cold War for years shaped the politics of the SC and the UN Vietnam war led by the US and Soviet invasion of Czechoslovakia and Hungary circumvented the UN Possible nuclear treat shaped the global politics and augmented the role of the UN Mostly peaceful decolonization and emergence of new states via smooth transition due to the global stage The North-South conflict, G-77, NIEO, Kyoto protocol Post cold war politics of peace and the greater role of the UN Democracy spreading further to such regions as Latin America Globalization and pressures to create world governance structures in the new millennium Nvard V. Manasian
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Reform?
All agree that finances need to be reformed: sustainability
Nvard V. Manasian
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Other reform issues
Coordination and management: How to improve ECOSOC? Dialogue with IMF and WB Structural reform of the Security Council: away from P-5 or what is the formula? NGOs demand openness of SC
The Security Council is the United Nations' most powerful body. It has "primary responsibility for the maintenance of international peace and security." Five powerful countries sit as "permanent members" along with ten other member states, elected for two-year terms. Since 1990, the Council has dramatically increased its activity and it now meets in nearly continuous session. It dispatches military operations, imposes economic sanctions, mandates arms inspections, deploys human rights and election monitors and more.
Nvard V. Manasian
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Regionalism
Nvard V. Manasian
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The Roots and Dynamics of Regionalism
Regionalism=geographical proximity + degree of mutual interdependence Regionalism can be defined as: Essentialist approach
Constructivist approach
There is a natural core of The region is a economic, security, sociopolitical construct religious and cultural links with concepts, metaphors among the states. and practices driving it.
Nvard V. Manasian
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Political factors driving regionalism
Identity (Constructivism) as the shared perception externally and internally, such as economic or security threat or cultural and religious congruence Internal and external threats (Realism) such as the Cold war and the creation of NATO, EC, China vs. ASEAN, Arab League vs. Israel, Domestic politics, such as industries rallying for closer economic ties and MERCOSUR Leadership of certain states or individuals, such as Indonesia and ASEAN, Canada and NAFTA, etc. Nvard V. Manasian
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Economic factors driving regionalism Economic
interdependence, more particularly trade flow intensity Larger market creation for bigger FDIs Further political and security reasons for cooperation First wave of R: 1950-60s, i. e. NATO, OAS Second wave of R: 1980-90s, i. e. EU, CIS, MERCOSUR Nvard V. Manasian
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Some regionals
NATO the most organized security regional organization, started with the Cold war it is now a peacekeeping force, maybe to become a piece of UN puzzle? EU the best developed regional unit that has come to replace the national states, can it become a model for other regionals? Hemispheric regionalism, i. e. OAS, subregional cooperation MERCOSUR, NAFTA Balancing against China and Japan, ASEAN, APEC Dealing with traumas of a colonial legacy, AU
Nvard V. Manasian
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