Unit 19

Unit 19 Analysis of Sports Performance

Learning outcomes for this Unit:

On completion of this unit a learner should be able to: Topic 1 – create a Performance profile of a sporting activity

Topic 2 - Analyse sporting performance Topic 3 - Provide feedback to athletes regarding performance Topic 4 – Describe the purpose and resources required for analysing different levels of sporting performance.

Topic 1 - Performance profile of a sporting activity Grading Criteria

Grading Criteria Describe the performance profile of a selected sporting P1 activity

M1

Explain the performance profile of a selected sporting activity

D1

Analyse the performance profile of a selected sporting activity

P2

Describe five factors that may influence the performance of an athlete

The purpose of Performance Profiling is to…… • Identify current levels of ability & competence

• Identify strengths & areas for improvement • Monitor performance (progress & decline)

• Monitor effectiveness of training programmes • Identify differences in athlete & coach opinion on performance • Provide a basis for training programme

Choosing a sporting activity you want to create your Performance Profile about….

• An individual based sport, eg archery, shooting, sprinting • A specific position found in sport, eg goalkeeper, midfielder, defender

• A specific action found in sport, eg tennis serve, penalty

You must describe the perfect player in terms of…….. Technically & Tactically –

What skills must they be good at? What is the required style of play? shooting, crossing, catching, passing, tackling, heading, dribbling, striking, positional play, style of play

Physically -

Which physical components are required? strength, power, flexibility, speed/pace, agility,

Physiologically -

What are the preferred physiological components? cardiovascular fitness, body composition/somatotype, lung function, recovery

Psychologically -

What psychological factors are required? motivation, anxiety, arousal, attention, confidence, aggression, relaxation, concentration

Biomechanically (forces acting on the body)

Linear Displacement – how far & quickly a person travels in a straight line Velocity of Release – the speed at which you release the ball Acceleration – increase in speed in relation to time taken Application of force – force used when striking the ball or holding off a player Use of levers – co-ordination of arms & legs, angles of striking the ball

Assessment P1, M1

Either describe, explain or analyse the performance profile of a selected sporting activity. Cover the following areas:

• • • • •

Technical & Tactical Physical Physiological Psychological Biomechanical

You can choose the sporting activity in terms of an individual sport (as a whole), a players position or an action/activity within a game.

P2 - Factors influencing sport performance - Intrinsic Age – performance declines after age 35. Strength, flexibility, cardiovascular fitness & other structures & functions reduce in efficiency reducing optimal performance. Health – the bodies functions & improvements happen collectively. If any aspect of the body is not functioning well it will effect the body as a whole & therefore sports performance. Diet – having a healthy & balanced diet fuels the body for activity, aids optimal function, growth & repair. This will improve health & ultimately improve sport performance. A bad or unhealthy diet will not fulfil the bodies requirements & can ultimately cause disease. Previous training – having a knowledge of previous training methods & schedules is helpful in realising what is successful & what doesn’t work. This then aids development in the future. Motivation – whether intrinsic or extrinsic, the more motivation the more focused & dedicated an athlete will be to training & competition. Confidence – this is how successful you believe you will be. This can be effected by previous experiences, your perception of forthcoming events (how comfortable you are with them) & other psych. Factors such as anxiety & stress. Ability level – performance is the result of ability & skill. This is natural but can be trained to an extent.

P2 - Factors influencing sport performance - Extrinsic Group dynamics – This will depend on the stage of development (forming, storming, norming & performing) as to how positive the effect will be. Group cohesion – The degree of group cohesion can effect sporting performance. This depends on social cohesion & task cohesion; task cohesion having a stronger influence than social. The more cohesion the better the performance. Temperature – Effects of temperature on sports performance can be physical & psychological. Extreme low temperatures can result in torn muscles/tendons etc if there is a lack of warm up. Thought processes can slow down & body functions become less efficient, in extreme cases hypothermia can set in; this can be fatal. Extreme heat can cause heat exhaustion & dehydration which has a profound negative effect on performance. Temperature can also effect motivation depending on your preference. Time of day – The timing of training & competition can influence sports performance. The bodies metabolism tends to be slower in the mornings (causing a lack of energy), whereas later in the day the body may be fatigued & suffer a lack of concentration. Ideally, training should mimic the timings of competition, this can be difficult when certain competitions have to be timed around TV coverage & audience demands.

Assessment P2

P2

Describe five factors that may influence the performance of an athlete

Choose 5 factors (include both intrinsic & extrinsic) that influence sporting performance. Describe what they are & how they influence an athletes performance.

Topic 2- Analysing Sport Performance Grading Criteria

Grading Criteria perform an assessment of a selected athlete P3 undertaking sporting activity using three components of their performance profile, with tutor support M2 D2

independently perform an assessment of a selected athlete undertaking sporting activity using three components of their performance profile analyse the performance of a selected athlete using three components of their performance profile

Topic 2 - Analysing Sporting Performance You must now analyse the sporting performance of your chosen athlete. Choose 3 components from the list below: •technical and tactical, eg notational analysis, tally charts; •physical, eg multi-stage fitness test, repeated anaerobic sprint test; •motor, eg T-run, Illinois agility run; •physiological, eg heart rate monitor, peak flow •psychological, eg interviews, questionnaires •biomechanical, eg recording Think about which method you will use to analyse each component (they won’t necessarily be the same). Look at the following examples & select 3 to analyse.

Technical and Tactical notational analysis tally charts Technical

% success rate

Tactical

Long pass

Formation

Short pass

Positioning

Crossing

Decision Making

Tackling

Pressing

Heading

Strategy

Shooting

Spatial Awareness

Dribbling

Movement

Grade out of 10

Physical Multi-stage fitness test, 1 Rep Max, Sit & Reach etc

Fitness Test

Score

Normative Data Category

Comment

MSFT

Level 10

Average

Adequate, but could do with improving

1 Rep Max Sit & Reach Standing Broad Jump

Motor Illinois Agility Test, T-test

Fitness Test

Score

Normative Data Category

Comment

Illinois Agility Test

16 sec

Above Average

Good, but could be excellent

Physiological Heart rate monitor, Peak flow,

Health Monitoring Test

Result

Normative Data Category

Comment

Resting Heart Rate

80 beats per minute

Average

Adequate, but could do with improving

Peak flow

Psychological Interviews, Questionnaires etc

Questionnaire/Test

Result

Comment

SCAT (Sports Competition Anxiety Test)

High low levels etc

High levels need reducing through Psych Skills Programme/Techniques

Cattells 16 Personality Factor Test

Type A Type B

Biomechanical

Result/Comment/Interpretation Video Analysis Performance Plate Gait Analysis

P3, M2, D2 - Analysing Sporting Performance Analyse the sporting performance of your chosen athlete. Choose 3 components:

•Technical & Tactical •Physical •Motor •Physiological •Psychological •Biomechanical Using a method of your choice analyse 3 components of performance from the list above. Record the results.

From this you can identify strengths & areas for improvement.

Topic 3- Provide feedback to athletes regarding performance Grading Criteria

Grading Criteria provide feedback to the athlete based on the P4 assessment of their performance, with tutor support independently provide feedback to the athlete M2 based on the assessment of their performance.

Topic 3 - Provide feedback to athletes regarding performance Now you have analysed the sporting performance of your chosen athlete, you can provide them with feedback. Do this with tutor support for the Pass or independently to achieve the Merit. Firstly, identify: •Strengths •Areas for improvement Then, for each of the 3 components you analysed create a target & goal to improve a weakness. •SMART (specific, measurable, achievable, realistic, timebound) Targets •Goals (short-, medium- and long-term) Then provide recommendations on how they could achieve the goals & targets: For example: skills training training for specific components of fitness technique coaching specific to movement psychological training (concentration, anxiety and arousal control)

Component of Performance: Strength Weakness Target (SMART)

SMART-

Short Term Goal:

Medium Term Goal:

Long Term Goal:

Recommendations : (which methods would you use to improve weaknesses/achieve goals?)

Topic 4 - Purpose and resources required for analysing different levels of sporting performance Grading Criteria

Grading Criteria P5

explain the purpose of, & the resources required for, analysis at two different levels of sports performance.

Levels of Performance

Olympic/world-class athlete/professional Aim is to reach the very peak of excellence County or national standard Aim to improve standard through coaching, competition & training Saturday league player, out-of-school club Health, fitness & social purposes School children, beginners, grass roots Learning & understanding basic movement skills & establishing a positive attitude to sport & exercise

Purposes Reasons for Sports Analysis Assessment of health & fitness status

Performance assessment Assessing athletes in competition vs training allows coaches to see what effect factors such as the crowd, pressure of a game etc have on performance. It also highlights an athletes ability to apply tactics & managers instructions.

Monitoring current fitness levels Monitors current training methods to ensure improvements are being seen. This will also identify any failings to progress.

Recovery after injury This may be to monitor progress against expected timescales or to check an athlete is at their pre-injury level of fitness

Goal setting It is only after analysing sports performance that goals can be set in order to improve weaknesses. These should be SMART in order to increase motivation.

This will highlight any areas that need addressing, i.e. Increased body fat composition would indicate a need to lose weight.

Talent identification This could be initial ability, establishing level of talent or scouting for new players or evaluating opponents in preparation for a match.

Identification of strengths & areas for improvement This may include simply aiming to increase enjoyment levels to formulating goals & targets to improve weaknesses.

Squad selection By monitoring performance of individuals in training it enables a more in depth analysis & thorough squad selection.

Resources Reasons for Sports Analysis Equipment – this could be second Fiscal – this will depend on how much money hand, as old as when the club was set is available to the club/athletes. How do they up or brand new designed with the fund their sport? latest technology. Again this comes down to money. Time – analysis can be very time consuming. Collecting data, analysing & interpreting it, then feeding it back is a long process. How much time available will dictate whether the team are assessed together or whether individuals get one-to-one sessions. Also how much detail can be given in the analysis. Facilities - depending on the level, this could be pen & paper out on the football pitch (making tally’s) or this could be a sports performance science lab. Again money available is the main factor.

Human – foundation will have simply teacher & parental support whereas elite will have full time roles for coaching staff, strengths & conditioning, sport scientists, physios, doctors

Topic 4 - Purpose and resources required for analysing different levels of sporting performance Assessment

Choose 2 different levels of sport performance. Explain the purpose of, & the resources required for their analysis.