Unit 3: Global Interactions (1200-1650)

Unit 3: Global Interactions (1200-1650) Global History II Review

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Early Japanese Feudalism • Geography: Mountainous Archipelago • Forced Japan to be Isolated from Asia • Shintoism – Traditional religion of Japan – Worshiped Kami- spirits found in everything

• Cultural Diffusion from Korea and China – Chinese writing – Buddhism (Zen Buddhism) and Confucianism 2

Early Japanese Feudalism • Feudal Japan (1100s) – Similar social structure to European system • Shogun, Daimyo, Samurai, Peasants, Merchants • Samurai lived by a Code of Bushido (loyalty)

• Tokugawa Shogun – Centralized feudal government – Cultural advances • Kabuki theater • Haiku poetry 3

Mongols and Their Impact • Rise of the Mongols (1100s) – Genghis Khan expanded empire (military) – Conquered Eastern Europe to Middle East – Conquered China under Kublai Khan (1279) • Yuan Dynasty absorbed Chinese society

– Mughal Dynasty ruled India • Akbar the Great was tolerant to Hindu beliefs

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Mongols and Their Impact • Mongol Impact – Destroyed and Conquered much of Asia – Russia: Absolutist Government and Isolation – China: Prosperity – Pax Mongolia and Global Trade • Silk Road brought wealth (traders like Marco Polo)

• Decline of Mongol Empire – Too large and diverse an empire to rule – Deaths of strong leaders 5

Global Trade and Interactions • Expansion of Chinese Trade – 1405-1433 Zheng He explored SEA for the Ming Dynasty trading Silk and porcelain

• Major Trade Routes – Indian Ocean: trade between Asia and Africa • Mogadishu becomes a major trade center

– Overland Trade: Silk Road – Mediterranean Sea 6

Global Trade and Interactions • Resurgence of European Trade (1300s) – Crusades inspired trade with Asia and ME – Italian City-States emerged as trade centers for items coming to Europe from Asia – Trade fairs took place where trade routes met – Hanseatic League- trade on North and Baltic

• The Bubonic Plague (Black Death) – – – –

Came from Asia through trade caravans Killed much of European population Weakened economy and status of the Church Decline of feudalism 7

Resurgence of Europe • Commercial Revolution – Growth of towns and a middle class – Formation of guilds (trade unions) – Capitalism developed – Development of banking systems – System of feudalism declined as serfs moved to cities for economic opportunities

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Resurgence of Europe • Renaissance (1300s to 1500s) – Rebirth of knowledge from Greco-Romans – Humanism- focus on the present – Artistic achievements flourished • Italy: Michelangelo & DaVinci, Flemish painters

– Literature developed and flourished • Used Vernacular language • Focused on life • Shakespeare and Machiavelli (The Prince) 9

Resurgence of Europe • Printing Press (1456) – Mass production of books – Increased literacy rates – Spread ideas rapidly

• Causes of Reformation (1520s) – Ideas of the Renaissance (Humanism) – Kings seeking to gain power from Church – Corruption and Abuses in the Church 10

Resurgence of Europe • Protestant Reformation – Martin Luther posts his 95 Theses sparking discussion and change – John Calvin builds on ideas of Luther – Henry VIII breaks with Church over annulment

• Counter (Catholic) Reformation – Catholic Church attempted to keep Catholics and convert others – Little change within the Church 11

Resurgence of Europe • Rise of Nation-States – Growth of royal power in France and England – Limited monarchy in England • Magna Carta- document limited King’s power • Parliament- representative assembly

– Anglican Church develops in England

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African Civilizations • Geography – Savanna: grass lands with good soil – Desert: large part of continent (Sahara)

• Traditional Society and Culture – Villages with families making up basic unit of society – Believe in forces of nature and spirits – Polytheistic 13

African Civilizations • Rise and Fall of African Kingdoms (800-1600) – Ghana known for gold and salt trade – Spread of Islam – Mali was led by Mansa Musa (Muslim) – Songhai expanded through military conquest – Axum traded with Africa, India, and Med. Sea

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