Warm Up • What was the Industrial Revolution? • What caused it?

Warm Up • What was the Industrial Revolution? • What caused it?

The Industrial Revolution Part 1

Before the Revolution • Since the birth of Civilization, most people lived and worked in small farming villages. • By the 1750s, this began to change in Europe. • There were 3 factors why.

#1 Revolution in Agriculture • By the 1750s, many European farmers were improving their production. • Causes: a. Crop rotation—changing the crops around so as not to exhaust the soil. • b. Jethro Tull’s “Seed Drill.” • c. Mixing soil. • d. Enclosure

Enclosure • In the old days, rich land owners let peasants live on and farm their land— these were very small farms. • But then rich land owners began to kick the peasants of their land so they could make real big farms.

• They began putting up fences to keep people out. • This was called “ENCLOSURE.”

Effects of Agriculture Revolution and Enclosure.

• Farms began to produce more and more food, and become more profitable. • Could feed more people which led to larger populations. • Because of the improved farming methods, farms needed fewer workers.

• This meant that many peasants now needed to look for other kinds of work. • These jobless farm workers began to leave their farming villages and head to cities to find work.

Review • What were the 4 causes of the Agricultural Revolution in Europe in the 1750s? • • • •

1. 2. 3. 4.

Crop Rotation Seed Drill Mixing Soil Enclosure

Review • What were the effects of the Agricultural Revolution? • More food made with fewer workers. • Meant that more people could (and needed to) work at other things.

#2 Population Explosion • The agricultural revolution created a great rise in the population of Europe between 1750 – 1800. • More food meant less famine and therefore fewer people were dying. • Also, because women were eating better, they had healthier babies.

The Effects of #1 and #2 = • More people are around that are not doing farm work and therefore can do (and need to do) other work.

#3 New Technology • New sources of power and machines replace making things by hand. • For much of history, the energy for work had been provided by humans and animals.

• New sources of energy and new materials allowed business owners to change the way work was done.

New Sources of Energy water and wind began to be used. • (can only be used by streams and wind is inconsistent).

Steam Power • But the big breakthrough came with steam power in the 1700s.

• Allowed people to put factories wherever they wanted. • Early steam engines used coal.

The Steam Engine • Thomas Newcomen developed a steam engine. • In 1769, Socttsman James Watt improved Newcomen’s engine dramatically. • Watt’s engines became the key source for the Industrial Revolution.

Coal and Iron • Besides being used as the fuel for steam engines, coal was also used to produce iron.

The 3 factors that contributed to the Industrial Revolution • 1. Agricultural Revolution. • 2. Population Explosion. • 3. New Technology.

What was the Industrial Revolution? • When things began to be made in factories instead of by hand (and the source of energy was not human or animal, but machine). • Make a graphic organizer of the three factors for the industrial revolution – A. Title each factor – B. Describe each factor – C. Picture for each factor