Welding Bolting

Structural Frame Erection

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Lecture Objectives and Materials  Structural frames may be constructed

out of

1. Reinforced in-situ concrete 2. Steelwork 3. Pre-cast concrete  The Objective of the lecture is to identify the

construction features associated with these materials and their jointing methods.

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Bank of America, Dallas, USA 72 story, 281M

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Taipei 101, Taiwan 101 floors, 508M, 2004

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Frame Considerations  Conceptual

Speed of construction Weight Prefabricated Accurate  Design

Early design decisions

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The Building Frame

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Beam / column connection

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Types of Columns

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Types of beams

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Column base plate

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Connection between steel column and concrete base

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Column to Beam Connections

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Effect of Connection on Beam Depth

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Floor Beam Arrangement

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Flooring systems

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Services Co-ordination

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Structural Bracing for Steelwork Frames

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Bank of America, Dallas, USA 72 story, 281M

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Composite Frame Components

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Diaphragm Floor Slabs

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Precast Column / Column Joints

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Precast Column / Beam Joints

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Precast Shear Walls

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COST = Material + Fabrication + Erection 



Frame type Simple frame

Rigid Frame

More material Less fabrication Less erection effort

Less material More Fabrication More effort

Connection type Welding

Bolting

Slow Temp. erection aids Environmental Control More access required Compact joint Continuous

Fast Self constructing All weather Less access Bulky joint Simple 24

Design Aspects 

Total building aim: Speed Cost effective Accuracy



Encourages: Prefabrication Repetition Standardisation Integration of ALL aspects such as structure, cladding, finishes & services 25

Material Choice can affect Foundations

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Construction & Buildability No scaffolding  Limit number of elements  Weight within craneage limits  Length within transportation limits  Bolted connections  Braced bay frames  Prefabricated stairs  Compatible detailing, cladding, services & finishes 

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Typical Construction Programme

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Safety Considerations  Main problem is working at heights

Steel erectors to wear harnesses All ‘drop’ edges must be adequately fenced Toe boards to all ‘drop’ edges Protective cover to all ground level walkways Safe access for labour and materials Windproofing on exposed floors

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Conclusions  Structural frames may be of in-situ concrete, pre-

cast concrete, steelwork or a mixture.  Choice of frame may affect foundations  Flooring systems may be in-situ concrete or precast concrete or a mixture.  Frame jointing may be fixed or simple – this affects depth of beams.  Usual to design / detail for buildability  Must design for stability during construction

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